Download Chapter 5 Short Answer Essay

Chapter 5 Short Answer Essay
In an essay, compare and contrast each of these three rebel fighters: José Martí, Emilio Aguinaldo,
and Francisco “Pancho” Villa. Explain the backgrounds, motivations, and actions of each
nationalist.
José Martí was a Cuban rebel who battled the Spanish. The United States backed the rebel movement in
the Spanish-American War. However, after the war ended, the United States did not restore full control of
the island to the Cuban people. Emilio Aguinaldo was a Filipino rebel who also battled the Spanish
during the Spanish-American War. After the Spanish were defeated, the United States decided not to give
the Philippines independence. Aguinaldo took up arms against the Americans—his former allies.
Francisco “Pancho” Villa was a Mexican rebel fighter whom President Wilson initially tried to win over.
Eventually, Villa raided a town in the United States, and Wilson sent U.S. troops to Mexico to try to
capture him.
Read the passage below, and then answer the question that follows.
The Platt Amendment, 1903 Article I. The Government of Cuba shall never enter into any treaty or
other compact with any foreign power or powers which will impair or tend to impair the independence of
Cuba, nor in any manner authorize or permit any foreign power or powers to obtain by colonization or for
military or naval purposes, or otherwise, lodgment in or control over any portion of said island. . . .
Article III. The Government of Cuba consents that the United States may exercise the right to intervene
for the preservation of Cuban independence, [and for] the maintenance of a government adequate for the
protection of life, property, and individual liberty. . . . Article VII. To enable the United States to
maintain the independence of Cuba, and to protect the people thereof, as well as for its own defense, the
Government of Cuba will sell or lease to the United States lands necessary for coaling or naval stations, at
certain specified points, to be agreed upon with the President of the United States.
In what ways did these articles from the Platt Amendment limit Cuba’s autonomy and
independence?
The Platt Amendment limited Cuba’s ability to make treaties and other forms of foreign policy. It gave
the United States the right to intervene in Cuba whenever it wanted. It also gave the United States the
right to control areas of Cuba in which it could establish naval bases.