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Ch 6 Cellular Respiration Energy for life ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Glucose CO + 2 + H2O O2 Cellular respiration in mitochondria ATP (for cellular work) Heat energy Breathing vs Cellular Respiration • Breathing- gas exchange • Cellular respiration- aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells Cellular Respiration • Stores energy in ATP C6H12O6 Glucose + 6 O2 Oxygen 6 CO2 Carbon dioxide + 6 H2O Water + ATPs Energy Cell Respiration Redox • Oxidation- loss of e• Reduction- addition of e- Loss of hydrogen atoms (oxidation) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP) Gain of hydrogen atoms (reduction) Glucose Oxidation • Dehydrogenase • NAD+ Oxidation Dehydrogenase NAD+ + 2H Reduction 2 H+ + 2 e– NADH + H+ (carries 2 electrons) ETC • Electron Transport Chain NADH ATP NAD+ + 2e– Controlled release of energy for synthesis of ATP H+ 2e– H+ H2O 1 2 O2 Cell Respiration Glycolysis • Splits sugar • Breaks Glucose into 2 three C sugars • Yields 2 pyruvate molecules – Net gain of +2 ATP Glucose 2 ADP 2 NAD+ + 2 P 2 NADH 2 ATP + 2 H+ 2 Pyruvate Glycolysis • Substrate-level phosphorylation – Transfer of P from substrate to ADP • Energy banked in ATP and NADH Enzyme P Enzyme ADP + P Substrate ATP P Product Formation of Acetyl CoA Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Stopping the chain Rotenone Cyanide, carbon monoxide Oligomycin ATP synthase H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ DNP DNP FADH2 NADH FAD 1 2 NAD+ O2 + 2 H+ H+ H+ H2O ADP + P H+ Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis ATP ATP yield Electron shuttle across membrane Cytoplasm 2 Mitochondrion 2 NADH NADH (or 2 FADH2) 2 6 NADH GLYCOLYSIS 2 Pyruvate Glucose 2 Acetyl CoA CITRIC ACID CYCLE + 2 ATP + 2 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation by substrate-level phosphorylation Maximum per glucose: About 38 ATP NADH 2 FADH2 OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis) + about 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation + 2 2 P ATP Fermentation 2 NAD+ 2 ADP + 2 P 2 NADH 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 NAD+ GLYCOLYSIS 2 ADP Glucose GLYCOLYSIS Glucose 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH NADH 2 2 CO2 released NAD+ 2 NAD+ 2 2 Lactate 2 Ethanol Biosynthesis ATP needed to drive biosynthesis ATP GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS CITRIC ACID CYCLE Acetyl CoA Pyruvate G3P Glucose Amino groups Amino acids Fatty acids Glycerol Proteins Fats Cells, tissues, organisms Sugars Carbohydrates
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