Download Five Themes of Geography

Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
The Five Themes of Geography
Geography is the study of Earth
Geographers always ask two
Where are things
located?
Why are they
there?
?
?
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Ch. 1.1 Intro
Five Ways to Look at Earth
Location
Regions
Place
Movement
Human-Environment
Interaction
These Five Themes help
Geographers organize information
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Ch 1 5 Themes
Location
Where is it?
Geographers use both:
Cardinal directions - north, south, east, west
intermediate directions - lie between the cardinal
directions
Ex. North West (NW) is halfway between north and west
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Ch 1 Location
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Location
Geographers also use two special
measurements of Earth to describe location
latitude - is the distance north or south of the
Equator, measured in degrees
longitude - is the distance east or west of the Prime
Meridian, also measured in degrees
Ch1 Location 2
The Hemispheres
The Equator and the Prime Meridian both divide Earth, in two.
Each half of Earth is called a hemisphere. The Equator divides
Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The Prime
Meridian divides Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
The Eastern Hemisphere
includes the area from the
Prime Meridian east to
The Western Hemisphere
1800 of longitude
includes the area from the
Prime Meridian west to
1800 of longitude
The North Pole
marks 900 north of
The Northern Hemisphere
the Equator
includes all lines of latitude
north of the Equator
The Prime Meridian
marks 00 longitude
The Southern Hemisphere
The Equator marks
contains all lines of latitude
00 latitude
south of the Equator
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ch 1 Hemispheres
Practice with Hemispheres
Examine the illustration below. Decide in which two hemispheres
(eastern or Western and Northern or Southern) each of the following
continents or oceans is located. (Example: The U.S. is in the Northern
and Western Hemispheres.)
Northern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
1. North America ____________
7. Indian Ocean _____________
2. Europe _________________
8. Asia____________________
3. South America ____________
9. Africa __________________
4. Pacific Ocean _____________
10. Antarctica ______________
5. Australia ________________
11. Arctic Ocean_____________
6. Atlantic Ocean ____________
12. Southern Ocean __________
Ch 1 Practice with Hemispeheres
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Global Grid
Lines of longitude and latitude form a global grid. Geographers
can identify the absolute location of any point on Earth by finding
the latitude and longitude lines that intersect at that point. Lines
of latitude are also called parallels, because they run east and west
and are parallel to one another. This means that they never cross.
Lines of longitude are also called meridians. Meridians run north
and south, from the North Pole to the South Pole.
The Prime Meridian at 0o longitude,
runs through Greenwich, England.
The Equator at 0o latitude, circles
Earth midway between the North
and South poles.
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Ch 1 Global Grid
Regions
regions are used to group places that have
something in common
Population
History
Climate
Landforms
Ch 1 Regions
Population
Ch 1 Population
Five Themes of Geography
History
Ch 1 History
Sep 4­12:10 PM
Climate
Ch 1 Climate
September 08, 2015
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Landforms
Rocky Mountains
African Plains
Colorado Plateau
Ch1 Landforms
Place
Place includes the human and physical
features of a specific place
Physical features are climate and
landforms
Human features are how people live, work
they do, religion they practice, and the
languages they speak
Ch 1 Place
Movement
- how people, goods and ideas get from
one place to another
- people coming to the U.S. bring their
traditions and culture and infuse it
- technology has helped spread music
ideas, etc... around the world
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Ch 1 Movement
Five Themes of Geography
Human-Environment Interaction
- how people affect their environment or
how natural surroundings (environment)
affect people
1.1
Quiz
Time to Practice
Ch 1 Human­Environment Interation
Chapter 1 Section 1: The Five Themes of Geography
The World of Geography
Notes
1. The study of Earth is called ____________________.
2. What two questions do geographers try to answer while studying different places? __________________________________________
3. How do the five themes—location, region, place, movement, and human­environment interaction—help geographers when they study Earth? __________________________________________________
4. North, east, south, and west are called ____________________.
5. What are two special measurements geographers use to describe location? ________________________________________________
6. What line of latitude at 0 degrees of latitude is located around the middle of the globe?
_________________________________________________
Ch 1.1 Notes
7. What is the line of longitude that marks 0 degrees of longitude?_______________________________________
8. Each half of Earth is called a ____________________.
9. The invisible lines that form east­west circles around Earth are called lines of _______________ 10. The invisible lines that circle Earth from north to south are called lines of_______________.
11. Why is the study of movement useful to geographers?
_________________________________________________
Ch 1.1 Notes­2
September 08, 2015
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Video
The Geographers Tools
Ch 1.2 Intro
Globes
Advantages:
~Globes show an accurate model of Earth and its
contents
~Continent and globe location would be more
accurate
Disadvantages:
~Not to scale, or relative size
~ Cannot be large enough to show streets and still
be convenient for carrying
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Ch 1 Globes
Maps
Advantages:
~Convenient to carry
~Can show greater detail of a specific area
Disadvantages:
~Earth is round, when you flatten something that
is round the continents become out of shape
~This is distortion, or loss of accuracy
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Ch 1 Maps
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Mapmakers try to make maps as accurate as possible.
They use 3 tools to make maps
Aerial Photos
Satellite Images
Geographic Information
System
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Ch 1 Mapmakers
Aerial Photos & Satellite Images
Aerial Photos and Satellite Images are a
valuable source of information about Earth's
surface in great detail.
They are not good for
seeing underground transit
Rainforest
lines, streams covered by
vegetation, etc...
They can also distort views
Ch 1 Aerial and Satellite
Geographic Information System (GIS)
GIS is a computer based system that
links information to locations
GIS systems connect
information with places
For Example:
Where a business might open
Where to station military
troops
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Ch 1 GIS
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Getting It All on the Map
A Projection of Earth is a
method of mapping Earth on a
flat surface
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Ch 1 Map Projection
Advantages:
-land near equator about the right size
Disadvantages"
-areas near the poles look bigger than they are
Ex. on a Mercator map Greenland looks bigger than South America, but
actually Greenland is only 1/8 the size of South America
Ch 1 Mercator Projection
Advantages:
-show correct size of land masses
Disadvantages:
- shapes are altered
-lines that would be straight on Earth may be forced
into curves to fit
Ch 1 Equal Area Projection
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Advantages:
- shows most distances, sizes, and shapes quite accurately
Disadvantages:
-still has distortions, especially around the edges
Geographers believe the Robinson Projection is the best world map
available.
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Ch 1 The Robinson Project
Other projections are useful for showing
small areas, but not the whole world.
Ch 1 Other Projections
Reading Maps
Ch 1 Reading Maps
Five Themes of Geography
September 08, 2015
Title
Most maps have a title near the top of the map. The title generally
tells you the type of information and the area covered on the map
China: Physical
Locator Globe
Maps may include a
locator globe that shows
the location of the area
covered by the map
Compass Rose
A map's compass rose
shows direction. North
is usually, but not
always at the top of
the map.
Key
A map's key identifies all of
the symbols and coloring used
on the map
Scale Bar
The scale bar shows
you how distances on
the map compare to
actual distances on
the ground
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Ch 1 China Map
Georgia Highways
State Capital
Other city
Ch 1 Georgia Hwy Map
Chapter 1 Section 2 Quiz: The Geographer’s Tools
The World of Geography
Chapter and Section
A. Key Terms
Directions: Fill in the blanks in Column I with the terms in Column II. Write the correct letter.
Column I
Column II
_____ 1. A globe shows Earth’s continents on a much smaller __________. a. key
_____ 2. All flat maps show some__________, or loss of accuracy.
b. distortion
_____ 3. A representation of Earth on a flat surface is called a﴾n﴿ c. compass rose
__________.
_____ 4. A diagram on a map showing direction is called a﴾n﴿ __________.
d. projection
_____ 5. A __________ explains the symbols and colors on the map.
e. scale
B. Main Ideas
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer .
6. People invented flat maps because globes 8. Why do many geographers prefer the cannot show
Robinson projection?
a. names of continents.
a. It has no distortion of Earth’s surface.
b. shapes of continents.
b. It quite accurately shows most distances, c. enough detail.
sizes, and shapes.
d. distance between continents.
c. It is an interrupted projection of Earth’s surface.
d. It is an equal­area map
7. What is a disadvantage of a Mercator projection?
a. It does not include all the continents.
b. It does not show many details of Earth’s surface.
c. It is too large to be carried easily.
d. It shows correct shapes but not true sizes.
Ch 1.2 Quiz