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Lab Experiment No. 4 Kirchhoff’s Laws I. Introduction In this lab exercise, you will learn – • how to read schematic diagrams of electronic networks, • how to draw and use network graphs, • how to transform schematics into actual component connections, • correct ways to layout a breadboard connection of a network, • how to connect the DMM to network components, and • the verification of KCL and KVL. II. Experiment Procedure Four resistive networks N1 through N4 are shown on the following pages. Each network is accompanied with its oriented graph, a simplified connection diagram, and a photo of its suggested breadboard layout. Your job in this lab experiment is to fill out the three tables included with each network with the following data: (where ‘x’ denotes the network number; eg, x = 1 for network 1, x = 2 for network 2, etc.) (a) Table x.1 (variable map) – measure and record i. the value of each network element, ii. the voltage across each network element with node polarities, and iii. the current through each voltage source with node polarities. (b) Table x.1 (variable map) – calculate and record i. the current through each resistor using Ohm’s law, and ii. the power dissipated by each element. (c) Table x.2 (KCL) – calculate and record i. the total current into each node, ii. the total current out of each node, and iii. verification of KCL at each node. (d) Table x.3 (KVL) – calculate and record i. the total clockwise voltage drop around each circuit, ii. the total counter clockwise voltage drop around each circuit, and iii. verification of KVL for each circuit. III. Lab Report The report for this lab experiment must be word-processed and contain the following items – • Title Page. • Introduction. • Procedure. • Results. • Discussions. (a) Comment with respect to accuracy versus convenience on the application of Ohm’s law to determine element current. • Conclusion. Provide detailed comments and discussions on the items listed below for each resistor network. (a) Does the total power dissipated equal the total power supplied? Explain why or why not. (b) Are the network laws KCL and KVL verified? Explain any discrepancies. • Appendix. • References. IV. Resistor Networks Network N1 v1 1 Agilent E3620A V1 V1 R1 10V 1K eV1 eR1 G1 N1 (a) 2 V2 R1 v2 1K 1 (b) Figure 1.1 (a) Network N1 (b) Graph G1 of N1 (c) Component connections Figure 1.2 Breadboard layout of N1 2 (c) Table 1.1 Voltage, current, and power map for N1 Element voltage Nodes Element Specified value R1 1KΩ V1 10V Measured value + − 1 2 Element current Nodes Measured value (V) + − Calculated value (A) Table 1.2 Kirchhoff current law Node Total current into (Iin) (A) Total current out of (Iout) (A) KCL (Iin – Iout) (A) 1 2 Table 1.3 Kirchhoff voltage law Circuit V1, R1 Total cw voltage drop (Vcw) (V) Total ccw voltage drop (Vccw) (V) KVL (Vcw – Vccw) (V) Element power (W) Network N2 R1 1 2 v1 eR1 Agilent E3620A v2 V1 1K V1 R2 9V 2K eV1 eR2 1 R3 N2 4 3K (a) V2 3 v4 eR3 4 v3 G2 R1 (b) R3 2 3 R2 (c) Figure 2.1 (a) Network N2 (b) Graph G2 of N2 (c) Component connections Figure 2.2 Breadboard layout of N2 Table 2.1 Voltage, current, and power map for N2 Element voltage Nodes Element Specified value R1 1KΩ R2 2KΩ R3 3KΩ V1 9V Measured value + − 1 4 Element current Nodes Measured value (V) + − Calculated value (A) Table 2.2 Kirchhoff current law Node Total current into (Iin) (A) Total current out of (Iout) (A) KCL (Iin – Iout) (A) 1 2 3 4 Table 2.3 Kirchhoff voltage law Circuit V1, R1, R2, R3 Total cw voltage drop (Vcw) (V) Total ccw voltage drop (Vccw) (V) KVL (Vcw – Vccw) (V) Element power (W) Network N3 1 R1 R2 2 3 v1 3.9K V1 R5 15V R3 12K eV1 9.1K R4 R6 6 4.7K eR1 v2 eR2 v3 1.2K 5 eR5 v6 2.2K eR6 v 5 G3 4 N3 (a) (b) Agilent E3620A V1 V2 1 6 R1 R6 R5 2 R2 3 5 R4 R3 4 (c) Figure 3.1 (a) Network N3 (b) Graph G3 of N3 (c) Component connections Figure 3.2 Breadboard layout of N3 eR3 eR4 v4 Table 3.1 Voltage, current, and power map for N3 Element voltage Nodes Element Specified value R1 3.9KΩ R2 1.2KΩ R3 9.1KΩ R4 2.2KΩ R5 12KΩ R6 4.7KΩ V1 15V Measured value + − 1 6 Element current Nodes Measured value (V) + − Calculated value (A) Table 3.2 Kirchhoff current law Node Total current into (Iin) (A) Total current out of (Iout) (A) KCL (Iin – Iout) (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Table 3.3 Kirchhoff voltage law Circuit V1, R1, R5, R6 R5, R2, R3, R4 V1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R6 Total cw voltage drop (Vcw) (V) Total ccw voltage drop (Vccw) (V) KVL (Vcw – Vccw) (V) Element power (W) Network N4 V1 R2 1 R3 2 82K R1 220K 3.3K N4 3 V2 10V R4 R7 150K 12K v2 eR5 v5 4.7K G4 (a) eR7 (b) Agilent E3620A V1 V2 3 1 R3 2 R2 R1 6 R4 R7 R5 4 R6 (c) Figure 4.1 (a) Network N4 (b) Graph G4 of N4 (c) Component connections 5 v3 eR4 eR6 v6 4 eR3 eV2 eR1 R5 5 eR2 v1 47K R6 6 eV1 5V v4 Figure 4.2 Breadboard layout of N4 Table 4.1 Voltage, current, and power map for N4 Element voltage Nodes Element Specified value R1 220KΩ R2 82KΩ R3 47KΩ R4 150KΩ R5 12KΩ R6 3.3KΩ R7 4.7KΩ V1 V2 Measured value + − 5V 1 3 10V 2 5 Element current Nodes Measured value (V) + − Calculated value (A) Element power (W) Table 4.2 Kirchhoff current law Node Total current into (Iin) (A) Total current out of (Iout) (A) KCL (Iin – Iout) (A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Table 4.3 Kirchhoff voltage law Circuit R1, R2, V2, R6 V2, R3, R4, R5 R2, V1, R3 R6, R5, R7 Total cw voltage drop (Vcw) (V) Total ccw voltage drop (Vccw) (V) KVL (Vcw – Vccw) (V)