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Political dissonance: The effect of political ideology on premarital sex Destini A. Smith, Lakin N. Douglas, Damien R. Jones, Alison J. Patev, & Kristina B. Hood, Ph.D. Mississippi State University Introduction • Conservatives tend to think of premarital sex as more morally wrong compared to liberals (Gallup, 2003). • Less permissive groups are more susceptible to outside forces affecting their attitudes towards premarital sex (Staples, 1978). • Political ideologies reflect and reinforce preferences, styles, and activities (Jost, Federico, & Napier, 2009). • Participants were 393 undergraduate students at a rural Southeastern university. The sample consisted of mostly freshman (44.9%), and was mostly Caucasian (65.1%) and female (65.4%). The mean age was 20.00 (SD = 2.739). • In the sample, 43.9% identified their views as Conservative, 34.7% identified their views as moderately conservative and liberal, and 21.4% identified their views as Liberal. • Further, 62.8% of the participants reported having had vaginal intercourse in their lifetime, and of those, 97.6% reported having a premarital sexual debut. Hypotheses • H1: Conservatives will be less permissive of premarital sex than liberals. • H2: Conservatives will be less likely to have premarital sex than liberals Measures Discussion Participants Results • The data reveals that though conservatives are less permissive of premarital sex, they are more likely to have had premarital sex. • The results imply that there is dissonance between attitudes and behavior with regard to premarital sex. Limitations • One limitation to this research is that data was collected in a conservative state; thus there wasn’t much variation in our sample. • Further only one question assessed political outlook, which may not provide a holistic picture of one’s political views. • Also, this study defined premarital sex as being unmarried at sexual debut. This definition may not be completely adequate to evaluate premarital sex. • A one-way analysis of variance found significant differences in likelihood, F (6, 238) = 3.06, p = .007, and permissibility, F (6, 241) = 2.92, p = .009, of premarital sex. • Post hoc analyses found that conservatives were less likely to be permissive of premarital sex. However, contrary to prediction, very conservative individuals were more likely to have had premarital sex. • The Liberalism Conservatism Scale, a fivepoint Likert scale, was used to measure political ideology. The item used was, “How would you describe your political outlook?” 6 Political ideology and premarital sex Conclusions • Results can be implemented in prevention programs to help attitudes towards premarital sex more consistent with behaviors. 5 • Future research should examine how sexual ideology can affect the relationship between political ideology and premarital sex. 4 Mean • Experimenter-designed questions assessed acceptability and incidence of premarital sex. The items used were, “Rate how morally acceptable you think the following behaviors/ activities are – Premarital sex,” and, “Were you married the first time you had vaginal intercourse?” Incidence of Premarital Sex 3 2 Method • Undergraduate psychology students (N = 393) at a rural university in the southeastern United States participated in the Sexual ideology and sexual health study online via Qualtrics Online Survey Software. • Participants received one hour of course credit for their participation. Moral Appropriaten ess of Premarital Sex 1 0 Very liberal Liberal Moderate Conservative Political Ideology Very conservative References • Gallup, G.H. (2003). Current views on premarital, extramarital sex. Gallup. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/8704/current-views-premaritalextramarital-sex.aspx • Jost, J.T., Federico, C.M., & Napier, J.L (2009). Political ideology: Its structure, functions, and elective affinities. Annual Review of Psychology 60, 307-337. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163600 • Staples, R. (1978). Race, liberalism-conservatism and premarital sexual permissiveness: A bi-racial comparison. Journal Of Marriage And The Family, 40(4), 733742. doi:10.2307/351194