Download Day 10_ReligionDiffusion

RELIGION
WEDNESDAY, OCT. 19
Religion has a significant influence on the people’s of a
region and/or culture. Religion guides our morals, values,
traditions, dress, etc.
As you have learned in your world history classes and
foreign language classes, there are several types of
religions in addition to a few major philosophies. In this
activity, you will revisit Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism
by looking at and analyzing proverbs.
Please complete the activity with
your elbow partner.
RELIGION ROTATION
Directions: Please get back into
your groups from yesterday. Use
computers and/or cell phones to
complete your religion
assignment. Share & discuss with
your group!
CHRISTIANITY
Origin and Diffusion
 Palestine (modern Israel)
 Universalizing
Religion
 What are the 3
branches?
Branches
 Roman Catholic
 Protestant
 Eastern Orthodox
CHRISTIANITY
Basic Precepts
 Belief in One God
 Father, Son & Holy Spirit
 Covenant (contract) with God
New Testament - salvation to those who believe in Jesus Christ and
his teachings
Salvation is by grace or belief not works
Believers to to heaven with everlasting life
Conversion of others
ISLAM
Origin and Diffusion
 Mecca, Muhammad
 Universalizing Religion
Branches
 Sunni (majority)
 Shiite
ISLAM
Basic Precepts
 Submission to the will of God (Allah)
 Lineage - Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, & Mohammed
(different lineage)
 Holy Book - Koran - built on Old Testament
 Five (5) pillars of faith
5 Pillars of Faith
 Creed “There is no God but Allah”
 Prayer 5 times a day facing Mecca
 Giving to the poor
 Month of Rammadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca
BUDDHISM
Basic Precepts
 Buddha - the enlightened one
 Nirvana - highest degree of consciousness
 4 noble truths
 Life involves suffering
 Cause of suffering is desire
 Extinguish desire
 Nirvana reached through 8 fold path
Hinduism
Origin & Diffusion - unknown
– Collection of scriptures 1500BC - 500AD
– Not widely diffused
– Almost exclusive to India
Other Characteristics:
• Ethnic religion almost exclusively in India
• Oldest religion in Asia (1500 B.C)
• No authority or holy book (ancient scriptures)
• Polytheistic (perceived)
– Numerous Gods (Vishnu (preserver), Shiva (destroyer), Shakti
(mother god)
– Yet one reality - Brahman - one God
JUDAISM
Monotheistic
 God protects people but also holds them accountable
 People serve god by studying the Torah and living by its teachings
Rituals:
 Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah
 At age 13, they enter the adult religious community
Leaders: Rabbis
Holy Books: Torah
Deity/God: Yahweh
DIFFUSION OF RELIGIONS
Universalizing Religions
Ethnic Religions
Universalizing religions tend to diffuse
from single, specific hearths and spread
through a combination of relocation,
hierarchical and contagious diffusion.
Ethnic religions are often tied to the
physical landscape and seasons of a
hearth and so remain highly clustered in
the hearth region.
DIFFUSION OF CHRISTIANITY
Relocation
Contagious
Hierarchical
In 1st century AD Paul of
Tarsus and other missionaries
began spreading Christianity
along the Roman Empire’s
protected sea and road
routes.
While missionaries moved
from city to city, the converts
they left behind after
establishing churches spread
Christianity within the Roman
empire through contagious
diffusion in their communities.
Christianities survival was set
through hierarchical diffusion
when the Roman Emperor
Constantine converted in 313
CE. His successor, Theodosius
then proclaimed it the official
religion of the empire in 380.
DIFFUSION OF ISLAM
Relocation diffusion:
Muhammad’s Hijrah from
Mecca to Medina
Hierarchical Diffusion:
Muhammad’s defeat of
Mecca
Contagious Diffusion:
conversions from person to
person.
DIFFUSION OF BUDDHISM
In 257BCE, Asoka, the emperor of
the Magadhan empire, converted
to Buddhism and declared his
empire as Buddhist.
Relocation Diffusion:
Asoka also sent Buddhist missionaries to
neighboring territories… Sri Lanka,
Kashmir, the Himalayas, Burma, and
elsewhere in India.
In the first century AD, Buddhist
merchants moved along trading routes
and introduced Buddhism to China.
Widespread conversions began there in
the 4th century.
Diffusion of Ethnic Religions
African Religions
The universalizing religion my supplant the local,
ethnic religion or mingle with it.
In some parts of Africa, Christianity dominates
and reflects the colonizers branch (Catholicism
in Guinea from the Spanish, Lutheran in
Namibia from the Germans).
In other places, through syncretism, Christianity
incorporates ritual aspects of the local ethnic
religions.
East and
Southeast
Asian
Religions
In East and Southeast Asia, Buddhism has
spread and mingled with local ethnic
religions.
In Japan, the Shinto first resisted the
spread of Buddhism, then embraced it.
Through syncretism, Buddhist monks took
over the management of Shinto shrines
and Buddhist deities were incorporated
into the Shinto Pantheon.
Diffusion of Judaism (an exception)
Despite its status as an ethnic religion and
despite its close ties to the place and seasons of
historic Israel, Judaism has diffused widely over
the world. (see world map)
World map of Judaism
After Romans burned the temple in 70AD, many
Jews migrated in a movement called the
diaspora to Europe, Northern Africa and Asia.
Jews lived among other nationalities, often as
guest populations without official citizenship.
They lived in isolated communities (ghettos) and
retained their religious practices while
sometimes adopting cultural practices of their
hosts.
As a result of the holocaust at the hands of the
Nazis in the 1930s and 40s, many Jews left
Europe and spread to the Americas.
RELIGION HAS BOTH A CULTURAL
AND POLITICAL IMPACT ACROSS
THE GLOBE
A. Define universalizing religions. Explain how this term
contributes to different denominations and branches
within a religion.
B. Name ONE ethnic religion and explain how this religion
diffused across the globe.
C. Explain how the cultural landscape is affected by the
transculturation (merging) of religions.