Download Enzymes Part 2

Factors that affect enzyme activity
 Proteins
 Biological catalysts
 Speed up a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction.
 Lower the activation energy of the reactants.
 Enzymes fit with their substrate like a lock and key.
 Forms enzyme substrate complex.
 When enzyme bonds, it weakens the chemical bonds of the substrate.
 The enzyme is unchanged by the reaction and can be used again.
 Enzyme changes shape slightly when it comes in contact with the substrate.
 Enzyme Concentration
 Substrate concentration
 Temperature
 pH
 If you increase the enzyme concentration, the rate of reaction will increase to a
certain point and then level off.
 By increasing the amount of enzymes, you increase the chances of them bumping
into a substrate.
 The rate levels off because eventually there is not enough substrate for the
enzymes to find.
 If you increase the substrate concentration, the rate of reaction will increase to a
certain point and then level off.
 At first, enzymes will run into lots of substrate molecules because they are plentiful.
 An increase in temperature will increase the rate of reaction until it gets too hot.
 Once too hot, the rate of reaction will denature (break down)
 Enzyme will no longer fit with the substrate.
 Reaction will not occur.
 Increasing temp makes molecules move faster. (more likely to bump)
 Lower temp makes molecules move slower. (less likely to bump)
 0-6 acid
 8-14 basic
 7 neutral
 Each enzyme has an optimal pH.
 If pH is not optimal, enzyme will denature (break down)
 The enzyme will no longer fit with substrate.
 Reaction will not occur.