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ENGLISH CLASS
Cognates
Prefixes
Suffixes
Rodríguez Pineda
Valeria 602
COGNATES
Cognates are words in two languages that share a similar meaning,
spelling, and pronunciation. While English may share very few
cognates with a language like Chinese, 30-40% of all words in English
have a related word in Spanish. For Spanish-speaking ELLs, cognates
are an obvious bridge to the English language.
Partial Cognates
"Partial cognates are words that have the same meaning in some, but
not all contexts. For example, twig and Zweig are used similarly in
some contexts, but in other contexts Zweig is better translated as
'branch.' Both Zweig and branch have metaphoric meanings ('a branch
of a business') which twig does not share."
(Uta Priss and L. John Old, "Bilingual Word Association Networks."
Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Architectures for Smart Applications,
ed. by Uta Priss et al. Springer, 2007)
http://grammar.about.com/od/c/g/cognateterm.htm
False Cognates and Accidental Cognates
"False cognates are etymologically related but no longer overlap in
meaning between the languages; their meanings may be related but
also opposite (in English an auditorium is a place for a large
gathering, whereas in Spanish an auditorio is an audience; stretch
means 'to extend' in English but estretcher in Spanish is 'to make
narrow'). Accidental cognates are not etymologically related but just
happen to share form (English juice and Spanish juicio, 'judge' . . .)."
(Annette M. B. De Groot, Language and Cognition in Bilinguals and
Multilinguals: An Introduction. Psychology Press, 2011)
EXAMPLES
PREFIXES
Prefix
A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. For
example, the word "unhappy" consists of the prefix "un-" [which means
"not"] combined with the root (stem) word "happy"; the word
"unhappy" means "not happy."
SUFFIXES
Suffix
A suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word. For
example, the word flavorless consists of the root word "flavor"
combined with the suffix "-less" [which means "without"]; the word
"flavorless" means "having no flavor."
EXAMPLES
Prefix
im + possible = impossible
ir + responsible = irresponsible
il + legal = illegal
in + active = inactive
un + happy = unhappy
Suffixes
hand + full = handful
rest + full = restful
restful + ly = restfully