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Drugs come in many different forms Before a drug can receive final approval by the FDA, the drug company must clearly state in what form or forms the drug will be manufactured. Drugs can seriously injure the patient if administered in the wrong form. DRUG FORMS Tablet: A tablet is a solid drug form that contains an active drug, as a dried powder plus inert ingredients (binders & fillers) to provide bulk and ensure pill size and shape. A scored tablet has an indented line across it so that it can be easily split in half in equal pieces. Capsule: A capsule can be a soft onepiece gelatin shell with the liquid drug inside OR a hard shell manufactured in two pieces that fit together and hold a powdered drug Capsuleinside Capsule Ointment- An Cream- A cream is ointment is a semisolid emulsion of oil, lanolin or petrolatum. Lotion- A suspension of a drug in a water base which also exerts a local, not systemic effect. absorbed into the skin and exert a local, not systemic drug effect. Ointment: greasy & clear Creams & lotions: nongreasy, opaque, semi-liquid Powders/Patches/Pellets A powder is a finely ground form of a drug. They can be found within capsules or left in a vial to be reconstituted with sterile water for injection. A pellet drug is inserted into the body by a physician A transdermal patch is applied to the skin to release a small amount of the drug over a long period of time DRUG FORMS Liquids A liquid drug comes in the form of a solution or suspension. Two general words used to describe liquid drugs are aqueous meaning water, and viscous meaning thick. Vials- a vial is a small glass bottle with an aluminum cap and a rubber stopper. The drug is removed with a syringe and needle. Ampule- an ampule is a small glass container with a main body and a narrow top that is snapped into two pieces to remove the medicine with a syringe and needle. Tincture-solutions that contain a drug in water and alcohol base Syrup- solutions that contain a drug in water base with sugar and flavorings, but no alcohol. Elixir-solutions that contain the drug in water & alcohol base with sugar & flavoring, used often for pediatric use & those who cannot swallow pills A mousse or Foam is a solution that contains a drug in a thickened alcohol base. It is expanded by tiny aerosol bubbles when expelled from the container. A Spray is a solution that contains the drug in a water & alcohol solution, that is sprayed manually by a pump into the mouth or nose. Emulsions are solutions that contain fat globules dispersed uniformly throughout a water base (such as some IV drugs) Gels are solutions that contain fine undissolved particles dispersed throughout a thickened water base. Drugs can also be administered in the form of a gas which can be inhaled by the patient Studies have shown that patients usually take their prescribed drugs accurately only 50% of the time. Researchers have tried to improve this percentage by inventing new drug forms. Some new ideas on the horizon is an artificial tooth that can be programmed to disperse a drug at specific times. Another invention in the works is a tasteless powder that can be sprinkled on food. This is already on the market in the form of a weight loss supplement. Sensa How about a computer chip that is surgically inserted into the body that will receive a wireless signal to tell it when to release a dose. Drug Manufacturers are constantly trying to improve the identification of drugs to prevent patients from getting their medications confused with one another.