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1 Contents Ⅰ Regional Development Policy until 2000s Ⅱ Regional Development Policy in early 2000s Ⅲ Regional Development Policy in Madame Lady Park Government (2016) Ⅰ Regional Development Policy until 2000s Korea’s Territory as Regional Development Span 8 Metropolitan cities (Shi) 9 Provinces (Do) 73 Cities (Shi) 85 Counties (Gun) 69 Districts (Gu) Regional governments administer metropolitan cities and provinces, and local governments administer cities, counties and districts 4 Gyeonggi - Do Gangwon - Do Seoul Incheon Chungcheongbuk (Chungbuk Chungcheongnam (Chungnam - Do ) - Do ) Daejeon Jeollabuk - Do (Jeonbuk ) Gwangju Gyeongsangbuk (Gyeongbuk - Do ) Daegu Ulsan Gyeongsangnam (Gyeongnam - Do ) Busan Jeollanam - Do (Jeonnam ) N N Jeju- do 0 10 30 50 100( km) Spatial Distribution of Major Infrastructure Development 5 Industrial Complexes 22 Regional Development Policy until 2000s 22.3 25 % 17.6 20 15 9.8 10 5 0 1960 7 1970 1980 Regional Development Policy until 2000s 8 Development Reservation zone Relocation promotion zone Development restriction zone Development inducement zone 9 Natural conservation zone Regional Development Policy until 2000s 10 Growth management zone Over-concentration restriction zone Natural conservation zone Growth management zone 11 Regional Development Policy until 2000s 1960-1970s 12 Growth pole development and industrialization 1980s Control of the capital region and decentralization 1990s Promotion of provincial regions and localization Ⅱ 13 Regional Development Policy in early 2000s Participatory Government Policy(2003-2007) Area 11.8% Population 48.3% GRDP 48.8% R&D expenditures Bank deposit Public agencies 100 large corporations 14 64.1% 70.0% 85.0% 91.0% Goal Balanced national development Planning • Five year planning of balanced national development • Local innovational development Main Method Infrastructure Move of public Promotion of Distinguished Enhancement of Organization and underdevelopment local development Local university Company to local areas • Establishment of Specific Audit for Balanced national development • Balanced Nat’l Development Committee • Local Innovation Committee Balanced national development law Revitalization Area Program The program targeted 70 counties and cities, the lower 30% classes of the 226 municipal level areas in Korea Policy measures : establishing regional innovation system based on education and expert consulting and specialized resource development combined with tourism Government supported financial assistance depending on the degree of deprivation 37 Lee Myung-bak Government (2008-2012) 17 Lee Myung-bak Government (2008-2012) 3 dimensional approach Scope Direction Financing Local Area Region 163 cities and counties Basic needs and QOL enhancement Local development account (special account) Mega Economic Region 5+2 economic regions Regional competitiveness, inter-provincial cooperation Regional development account (special account) SupraEconomic Region 4+α develop. axes Globally open and competitive territorial belts General account and private investment 18 Lee Myung-bak Government (2008-2012) Leading Industries of Mega Regions Capital Region Knowledge & Information Gangwon Region Medical Products Medical tour Chungchung Region Bio Medical New IT Daekyung Region IT Green Energy Honam Region Renewable Energy Components& Material Dongnam Region Machinery Components& material Jeju Region Tourism, Water industry 19 3 dimensional approach 20 Objectives and Framework Mega economic regions are proposed for global competitiveness by overcoming the limitation of administrative boundaries Capital Region Gangwon Region Chungchung Region Daekyung Region Dongnam Region Honam Region 7 metropolitan cities and 9 provinces are regrouped Jeju Region into 5+2 mega economic regions Source: Presidential Committee on Regional Development 21 Everyday Living Sphere 163 low-level municipalities Satisfying basic living standards to local residents Enhancing quality of life in such areas as health, education, culture, housing, information, water and transportation 22 Ⅲ 23 Regional Development Policy in Park Geun-hye Administration (2013~2018) Efficiency Green Growth Sustainability Competitiveness Balanced Regional Development Equity Wide Region Development Globalization Growth Pole Economic efficiency Agglomeration Economy 24 Urbanization Agglomeration Economy expansion Economy of Scale Participatory Government Lee Myung-bak Government Balanced regional development by allocation of functions : equity 5+2 Economic Regions : competitiveness • Construction of Multifunction Administrative city and Leading city for balanced regional develop. • 4+9 regional strategy industries • Raising leading industries in Economic Regions • 3-dimentional regional development • 30 leading projects Over 20,000 $ per capita income, Retarded Quality of Life ⇒ Increasing necessity of happiness of residents 25 Vision “Happiness to the People, Hope for the Regions” Goal (HOPE) 26 Happiness : Feeling happiness and hope Opportunity: Securing opportunities for happy living Partnership: Voluntary participation and cooperation Everywhere: Reducing blind areas of policy Strateg ies Main Method Infrastr ucture 27 Happy Living Zone Targeted & Packaged Support Inter-regional Cooperation ① Stabilization of Happy Living Zone ② Job Creation, Growing Regional Economy ③ Improvement of Educational Environment, Cultivation of Education ④ Cultivation of Regional Culture, Eco-system Restoration ⑤ Spotless Regional Welfare and Medication without Blind Spot ⑥ Implementation of Balanced Regional Development ① Enhancement of PCRD ② Reshaping of Special Account ③ Revision Balanced Regional Development Law Tasks: 17 Main Projects in the 6 Spheres Stabilization of Happy Living Zone 1 2 3 Revitalization region Exp. Of Living Infra. Residents-based cooperative system Job Creation, Enhancement of Regional Economy 4 5 6 7 Job-focused Regional industry Job-Creation by Investment Growing industrial Complexes Job Creation in Rural Improvement of Educational Environments 8 9 10 28 Improvement Of Edu. Environment in Local Raising Univ. in Local Improv. Regl corporate 11 HOPE Project 12 13 Cultivation of Regional Culture, Eco-system Restoration Differentiation of Regional Culture Reducing Cultural Gap Preservation of Natural Environments Regional Welfare and Medication without Blind Spot 14 Support Targeted Regional Welfare 15 Fix of Public Medication System in vulnerable area Implementation of Balanced Regional Development 16 17 Supporting Admin. and Leading Cities Implementation of regional Infrastructure Comparison of Economic Region and Happy Living Zone Economic Region Goal Happy Living Zone Regional Competitiveness Happiness of Residents Zone Artificial Zone by Central Gov. Autonomous cooperation Zone Unit 2~3 upper-level Local Governments 2- 4 lower-level governments Organization Economic Region Development Committee Upper-level Local Govt. lowerlevel Local Govt. Main Leading industry in E R Gentrification, Local Community Project Raising flagship University Creation of Local job 30 Leading Projects Improvement of education, 이전정부와 비교 그림 culture, environment, welfare 29 Elem. & Mid. School for children Residential Area Hospital & Museum Residents Commuting 30 Camping & Leisure Villages Towns General Services 31 Cities Higher Services Led by large city Type 1 • HLZ located near Metropolitan cities • Smaller cities can have benefit from metropolitan cities. (including large cities) Networked cities with small cities 32 • HLZ in the place where small and medium cities are linked • Sharing living facilities each others Type 2 (Urban-rural rural and fishery small cities (most typical) • Core city can be the hub of higher services cooperation) including education, economic activities, etc Type 3 • HLZ cooperative in rural regions without core (Rural and • Small cities in rural areas share their specific fishery region) 33 • HLZ cooperative in Core city and periperial services for lining A govt. 34 C Govt. B Govt. Cooperative - Cooperative project A and B and C - Cooperative between A & C, B & C, A & B Noncooperative - Implement A alone - Implement B alone - Implement C alone 35 36 Account Actor Account for Account for local Regional development development (living conditions) (economic - provincial and local Provincial govt. governments Government 37 Sejong development) Provincial govt. Central Account for Jeju, local govt. - - Ministries ⑥Ministries Appendix: History of Acts, Measures Policy 1962 • Urban Planning Act(1962) • 1st 5-Year Economic Development Plan(1962~1966) 1963 • Act on Comprehensive Nat'l Territorial Dev. Plan 1964 • Measures For Over-concentration Of Population to Large Cities 1965 • Act on Export Complex Construction 1970 39 foreign aids • Preparation of legislation basis of nat'l territorial plan • Ban on plant construction in large cities • Samaeul Undong • 3rd 5-Year Economic Development Plan(1972~1976) • Act on Utilization And Management of Nat'l Territory • Revision of urban Planning Act 1975 • Construction of the basis of economy without • Guide to curb centralization of population in Capital Region • 1st Comprehensive Nat'l Territorial Dev. Plan(1972~1981) 1972 Contents • Population Dispersion Plan of Seoul • Implementation of nat'l territorial plan on whole nat'l dimension • Enforcement of Greenbelt Policy 1977 • 4th 5-Year Economic Development Plan(1977~1981) • Target population 700million in 1980 • Redistribution Plan of Capital Region Population • Distribution of population to 5-largest • Act on Industry Distribution • 2nd Comprehensive Nat'l Territorial Dev. Plan(1982~1991) 1982 • 5th 5-Year Economic Development Plan(1982~1986) • Capital Region Management Act 1983 • Act on Rural Income Development Promotion 1984 • Master Plan of Capital Region Management Plan 1987 1989 40 Contents • 6th 5-Year Economic Development Plan • Revised Plan of 2nd Comprehensive Nat'l territorial Dev. Plan • Measures to prohibit investment in land • Acts Related To The Public Concept Of Land Ownership cities • 15 growth pole cities, 28 integrated regional settlement areas • Construction rural-factory district • Development of regional economic Spheres • Revision of capital gain from land development Policy 1992 Contents • 3rd Comprehensive Nat'l Territorial Development Plan • 7th 5-Year Economic Development Plan 1993 • Reshaping of Nat'l Territorial Utilization Plan 1994 • Revision of Capital Region Management Act 1999 • 4th Comprehensive Nat'l Territorial Development Plan • Abolition of Comprehensive Nat'l Territorial 2002 • Act on Comprehensive National Territory Plan • Nat'l Land Planning and Utilization Act Development Act • Abolition of Act On Utilization And Management Of Nat'l Territory 41 2004 • Special Act on Balanced Nat'l Development 2009 • Revision of Special Act on Balanced Nat'l Development Policy 2010 • Creation Project in Local areas 2012 • Inter-regional cooperative development Projects • Introduction of Regional Development of Park Geun-hye 2013 Government: HOPE • Revision of Balanced National Development Law Contents • Promotion of Creativity of Local Governments focused on development of local assets • Provision of grant to the related regions • Goal : Enhancing Happiness of Residents - Focused on Happy Living Zone • Reshaping Presidential Committee on Regional Development 2014 42 • Revision of Special Account for Regional Development • Formulation of Happy Living Zone Period Keynote 1st Capital Region 2nd Capital Region 3rd Capital Region Management Act Management Act Management Act 1982~1996(15-years) 1997~2011(15-years) 2006~2020(15-years) Inducing settlement in nonCapital region -Locational restraint of population Strategy inducing facilities to Seoul -Multi-nuclei capital region (5-zones) -relocation promotion zone Readjustment zone -Restraint of readjustment zone -Inducing development zone -Conservation zone of nature -Reservation of development zone Characteristics Locational regulation of physical facilities Restraint of overconcentration to capital region -Planned development in capital region -Conservation of decent environment (3-zones) -Over-concentration restriction-zone -Growth management zone -Conservation zone of nature Harmonize with non-capital region -Strengthen the competitiveness in capital region (3-zones) -Over-concentration restriction-zone -Growth management zone -Conservation zone of nature Economical & total factory Economical & total factory area area regulation regulation - Over-concentration fee - Over-concentration fee