Download JFK: A Presidency - Amanda Church

CIVIL RIGHTS WARM-UP
• MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
• MALCOLM X
CIVIL RIGHTS WARM-UP
• MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.
• ORGANIZED MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT
• FOUNDER OF SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE
• GAVE “I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH”
• WROTE “LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL”
• SUPPORTED NON VIOLENT PROTESTS
• ASSASSINATED BY JAMES EARL RAY
CIVIL RIGHTS WARM-UP
• MALCOLM X
• MALCOLM LITTLE WAS HIS NAME AT BIRTH
• MEMBER OF THE NATION OF ISLAM
• WANTED A SEPARATE SOCIETY FOR AMERICAN AMERICANS
• IDEAS FORMED THE BASIS FOR THE BLACK PANTHERS
• SUPPORTED THE USE OF VIOLENCE
ELECTION OF 1960
• PROBLEMS IN AMERICA:
• ECONOMIC RECESSION
• WAS AMERICA LOSING TO THE SOVIETS IN THE COLD WAR?
• WHO RAN?
• DEMOCRATIC JOHN KENNEDY
• REPUBLICAN RICHARD NIXON
• WHAT 2 ISSUES PUSHED KENNEDY OVER THE TOP?
• TELEVISION AND CIVIL RIGHTS
KENNEDY THE CANDIDATE
• ARGUMENTS AGAINST KENNEDY:
• HE WAS TOO YOUNG, INEXPERIENCED
• HE WAS CATHOLIC
• HOW DID THE DEBATE HELP HIM?
• HE LOOKED AND SPOKE BETTER THAN NIXON (EVEN THOUGH NIXON WAS MORE KNOWLEDGABLE)
• HOW DID MLK HELP HIM?
• AFTER MLK WAS ARRESTED FOR CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE, JFK GOT HIS BROTHER TO CALL THE JUDGE AND HAVE HIM
RELEASED
THE CAMELOT YEARS
• THE ELECTION WAS THE CLOSEST SINCE 1884
• KENNEDY’S INAUGURATION SET A TONE OF GRACE, ELEGANCE, AND WIT
• WHO WAS IN KENNEDY’S INNER CIRCLE?
• MCGEORGE BUNDY: A NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISOR
• ROBERT MCNAMARA: SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
• DEAN RUSK: SECRETARY OF STATE
• ROBERT KENNEDY: ATTORNEY GENERAL
FOREIGN POLICY: CASTRO COMES TO
POWER
• CUBA IS 90 MILES OFF THE COAST OF FLORIDA
• LED A GUERRILLA MOVEMENT TO TOPPLE FULGENCIO BATISTA
• PROMISED TO ELIMINATE POVERTY, INEQUALITY, AND DICTATORSHIP
• U.S. FIRST RECOGNIZED HIS GOVERNMENT, BUT THEN CASTRO SEIZED CONTROL OF U.S. OIL REFINERIES
• DUE TO ROUGH CONDITIONS IN CUBA, A COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT TOOK HOLD OF MIAMI
FOREIGN POLICY: BAY OF PIGS
• BEGAN WITH EISENHOWER AND THEN KENNEDY APPROVED THE MISSION 9 DAYS INTO HIS PRESIDENCY
• APRIL 17TH, 1961
• AIR STRIKE FAILS, EXILES FAIL TO MAKE IT TO SHORE- AMERICANS KILLED OR IMPRISONED
• MAJOR EMBARRASSMENT FOR KENNEDY AS CASTRO CLAIMS WESTERN DEFEAT
FOREIGN POLICY: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
• AMERICA FOUND OUT THAT THE SOVIETS WERE BUILDING ILLEGAL MISSILE SITES IN CUBA
• FOUR OPTIONS:
• DO NOTHING AND ATTEMPT NEGOTIATIONS
• BLOCKADE CUBA TO PREVENT FUTURE SUPPLIES FROM ENTERING CUBA
• BOMB MISSILE SITES
• AMPHIBIOUS INVASION OF CUBA
FOREIGN POLICY: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS
• WE CHOOSE: BLOCKADE OF CUBA
• 13 DAYS AMERICA SAT ON THE BRINK OF NUCLEAR WAR
• WE HAD 100,000 TROOPS WAITING IN FLORIDA (THE LARGEST INVASION FORCE EVER ASSEMBLED)
• KHRUSCHEV AGREED TO REMOVE THE MISSILES IN EXCHANGE FOR THE U.S. PROMISING NOT TO INVADE
• “FOR A MOMENT, THE WORLD STOOD STILL”- ROBERT KENNEDY
FOREIGN POLICY: BERLIN CRISIS
• 3 MILLION EAST GERMANS HAD FLED INTO WESTERN BERLIN IN THE YEARS FOLLOWING THE BERLIN
AIRLIFT
• KHRUSCHEV WANTED TO BLOCK OFF WESTERN BERLIN TO PROTECT THE EAST GERMAN ECONOMY
• AUGUST 13TH, 1961: CONSTRUCTION ON THE WALL BEGAN WHICH WOULD SEPARATE EAST AND WEST
BERLIN
• SYMBOL OF THE COLD WAR DIVIDE
FOREIGN POLICY: THE HOT LINE
• 1963: DIRECT LINE BETWEEN WHITE HOUSE AND KREMLIN
• MEANT TO PREVENT NUCLEAR WAR
FOREIGN POLICY: THE LIMITED TEST BAN
TREATY
• BANNED TESTING NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN THE AIR
• WANTED TO PREVENT ENVIRONMENT DAMAGE
DOMESTIC POLICY
• NEW FRONTIER: NAME FOR KENNEDY’S DOMESTIC POLICY
• STIMULATING THE ECONOMY:
• PUSHED DEFICIT SPENDING
• INCREASED MINIMUM WAGE, CUT TAXES
• RAISED DEFENSE BUDGET BY 20%
DOMESTIC POLICY: POVERTY
• ABROAD:
• PEACE CORPS:
•
•
•
VOLUNTEER ASSISTANCE TO THE DEVELOPING NATIONS OF ASIA, AFRICA, AND LATIN AMERICA
•
•
OFFERED ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE TO LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
HUGE SUCCESS
1968: 35,000 VOLUNTEERS HAD SERVED IN 60 NATIONS
• ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS:
NOT A SUCCESS- RESENTED BY LATIN AMERICANS DUE TO OUR HISTORY WITH THEM
DOMESTIC POLICY: POVERTY
• AT HOME:
• MICHAEL HARRINTON’S BOOK THE OTHER AMERICA BROUGHT THE TOPIC OF POVERTY TO THE FOREFRONT
•
PROFILED 50 MILLION AMERICANS WHO STRUGGLED WITH LESS THAN $1,000/YEAR
•
PRESENTED A BILL TO CONGRESS THAT WOULD GET PASSED THROUGH UNDER JOHNSON
• KENNEDY TRIED TO PUSH THROUGH CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION
DOMESTIC POLICY: RACE TO THE MOON
• SOVIET YURI GARIGAN BECAME THE FIRST PERSON IN SPACE
• KENNEDY SAW THIS AS A CHALLENGE, WANTED TO SURPASS THEM
• INVESTED MILLIONS INTO NASA
• APOLLO 11 BECOMES THE U.S. SPACE MISSION TO LAND ON THE MOON
• THE EAGLE WAS THE CRAFT THAT ACTUALLY LANDED ON THE MOON- NEIL ARMSTRONG, FIRST PERSON TO WALK
ON THE MOON
ASSASSINATION
• NOVEMBER 22ND, 1963 KENNEDY IS SHOT IN DALLAS, TEXAS
• GOVERNOR CONNALLY WAS ALSO SHOT
• LEE HARVEY OSWALD WAS ARRESTED FOR THE SHOOTING- HE WAS THEN KILLED BY JACK RUBY
• WARREN COMMISSION WAS PUT IN CHARGE OF THE INVESTIGATION INTO HIS DEATH- CONCLUDED
OSWALD ACTED ALONE, HOWEVER IN 1979, A REINVESTIGATION ALLEGED HE WAS A PART OF A LARGER
CONSPIRACY.