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Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation
Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation
• Aorta
- It is the largest artery of
the body
- Different parts of the
aorta are named for
their location or shape:
Ascending aorta ->
Aortic Arch ->
Descending Thoracic
Aorta -> Abdominal Aorta
Arterial Branches of the Ascending Aorta
• The only branches of the
ascending aorta are the
right and left coronary
arteries, which serve the
heart
Arterial Branches of the Aortic Arch
• Brachiocephalic artery: The first branch of the aortic arch
- Brachiocephalic artery splits into the R. common carotid artery
and R. subclavian artery
• Left common carotid artery is the second branch of the aortic
arch
• Left subclavian artery: the third branch of the aortic arch
Arterial Branches of the Aortic Arch
• The right common carotid divides into the R. internal
carotid that serves the brain and the R. external carotid
that serves the skin and muscles of the head and neck
• The left common carotid divides the same way as the
right common carotid
Arterial Branches of the Aortic Arch
• The subclavian branches into the vertebral artery,
which serves part of the brain
• In the axilla, the subclavian artery becomes the axillary
artery and then continues into the arm as the brachial
artery which supplies the arm
Arterial Branches of the Aortic Arch
• At the elbow, the brachial artery splits to form the
radial and ulnar arteries, which serve the forearm
Arterial Branches of the Thoracic Aorta
• The intercostal arteries (ten pairs) supply the
muscles of the thorax wall
• Other branches of the thoracic aorta supply
the lungs (bronchial arteries), the esophagus
(esophageal arteries), and the diaphragm
(phrenic arteries)
Arterial Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
• The celiac trunk is the first branch of the abdominal aorta
- It has 3 branches:
1. Left gastric artery: supplies the stomach
2. Splenic artery: supply the spleen
3. Common hepatic artery supplies the liver
Arterial Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
• The unpaired superior mesenteric artery supplies most of the
small intestine and the first half of the large intestine or colon
• The inferior mesenteric artery is a small unpaired artery
supplying the second half of the large intestine
• The renal (L and R) arteries serve the kidneys
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Arterial Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
• The gonadal (R and L) arteries supply the gonads: they
are called the ovarian arteries in females and the
testicular arteries in males
• The lumbar arteries are several pairs of arteries serving
the heavy muscles of the abdomen and trunk walls
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Arterial Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
• The common iliac arteries (L and R) are the final branches of the abdominal
aorta:
- each divides into an internal iliac artery, which supplies the pelvic organs and
an external iliac artery which enters the thigh where it becomes the femoral
artery
- The femoral artery and its branch, the deep femoral artery serve the thigh
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Arterial Branches of the Abdominal Aorta
• At the knee, the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery, which
then splits into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, which
supply the leg and foot
• The anterior tibial artery terminates in the dorsalis pedis artery,
which supplies the dorsum of the foot
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