Download metal - OoCities

F4 CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
CHEMISTRY
CHEMISTRY
Study of
MATTER
CHANGE
(SUBSTANCE)
(REACTION)
MATTER
MATTER
(SUBSTANCE)
ELEMENT
METAL
METALLOID
COMPOUND
NON-METAL
IONIC
COMPOUND
METAL &
NON-METAL
MOLECULAR
COMPOUND
NON-METAL
CLASSIFICATION OF
ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
METAL
METAL:
NON-METAL
SEMI-METAL
characteristic properties
NON-METAL: characteristic properties
METALLOID: characteristic properties
ELEMENTS & SYMBOLS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Hydrogen^ H
Helium^
He
Lithium** Li
Beryllium**Be
(Boron)
B
Carbon^
C
Nitrogen^ N
Oxygen^ O
Fluorine^ F
Neon^
Ne
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Sodium
magnesium
Aluminium
Silicon
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Chlorine
Argon
Potassium
Calcium
metals** non-metals^
(semi-metals)
(http://www.webelements.com/webelements/schol
ar/index.html)
ELEMENTS & SYMBOLS (cont)
BROMINE
IODINE
IRON
COPPER
ZINC
LEAD
SILVER
GOLD
MERCURY
PLATINUM
TIN
BARIUM
metals** non-metals^ (semi-metals)
(http://www.webelements.com/webelement
s/scholar/index.html)
ELEMENTS (PROPERTIES)
METALS
Shiny ,strong SOLID
Conductor (heat)
Conductor (electricity) change shape
Solids (high melting point/ boiling point)
(mercury is liquid)
NON-METALS
SOLID, LIQUID, GAS (low mp, bp) Insulator
(carbon has very high melting point)
(carbon is a good conductor of electricity)
SEMI-METALS
Semi-conductor of electricity
CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPOUND
COMPOUND
IONIC COMPOUND
IONIC COMPOUND:
MOLECULAR COMPOUND
characteristic properties
MOLECULAR COMPOUND / COVALENT COMPOUND:
characteristic properties
COMPOUNDS & FORMULAE
IONIC COMPOUND
- Sodium chloride
(NaCl)
- Magnesium oxide
(MgO)
- Calcium chloride
(CaCl2)
COVALENT COMPOUND
- Water
(H2O)
- Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
- Ammonia
(NH3)
COMPOUNDS (PROPERTIES)
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Hard SOLID (high melting point/ boiling point)
ELECTROLYTE
Insulator of electricity
Soluble in water
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
SOLID, LIQUID, GAS (low mp, bp)
INSULATOR of heat and electricity
Soluble in non-polar solvent (hexane)
CHANGE
CHANGE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
PHYSICAL CHANGE:
CHANGE OF STATE
CHEMICAL CHANGE:
CHANGE OF SUBSTANCE
(FORMATION OF NEW
SUBSTANCE)
INVESTIGATING CHEMICAL
CHANGE
INVESTIGATING CHANGE
EXPERIMENT
EXPLANATION
EXPERIMENTS:
OBSERVATION OF CHANGE
(MACROSCOPIC WORLD)
EXPLANATION:
NATURE OF MATTER PARTILCES (MICROSCOPIC
WORLD)
CHEMICAL CHANGE
(EXPLANATION)
FORMATION OF NEW SUBSTANCE
(PARTICLES IN THE MICROSCOPIC
WORLD):
- BREAKING / FORMATION OF BONDS
- RE-ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS
- MOVEMENT OF ELECTRONS
PARTICLES IN THE
MICROSCOPIC WORLD
PARTICLE
ATOM
ATOM:
MOLECULE
ION
BASIC UNIT(UNSTABLE PARTICLE)
MOLECULE: STABLE PARTICLE (OF ATOMS)
ION:
STABLE PARTICLE (FROM ATOMS)
THE ATOM (model)
ATOM
(NUCLEUS )
NEUTRONS(n)
PROTONS(p)
ELECTRONS(e)
STABLE PARTICLES
(FROM ATOM)
ATOM
n,p,e
ATO
M
A
ION
ATO
M
+
-
MOLECULE
CATION
ANION
(stable)
(stable)
(stable)
B
MATTER AND PARTICLES
MATTER
(SUBSTANCE)
ELEMENT
METAL
ATOM
METALLOID
ATOM
COMPOUND
NON-METAL
IONIC
COMPOUND
MOLECULAR
COMPOUND
MOLECULE
CATION
ANION
MOLECULE
BOND (BINDING FORCE
BETWEEN PARTICLES)
BOND
METALLIC
BOND
COVALENT
BOND
IONIC
BOND
METALLIC BOND: BINDING METAL ATOMS
(METAL)
COVALENT BOND: BINDING NON-METAL ATOMS
(MOLECULE)
IONIC BOND:
BINDING CATIONS & ANIONS
(IONIC COMPOUND)
NAME (SYMBOL / FORMULA)

ELEMENT

(SYMBOL)

COMPOUND

(FORMULA)

ION

(FORMULA)
SIMPLE IONS (FORMULA)
HYDROGEN
LITHIUM
SODIUM
MAGNESIUM
ALUMINIUM
POTASSIUM
CALCIUM
(H+)
(Li+)
(Na+)
(Mg++)
(Al+++)
(K+)
(Ca++)
OXIDE
FLUORIDE
SULPHIDE
CHLORIDE
(O--)
(F- )
(S--)
(Cl-)
BROMIDE (Br- )
IODIDE
(I- )
CATIONS (FORMULAE)
Iron(II)
Iron(III)
Copper(I)
Copper(II)
Zinc
Lead(II)
Silver
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
Ammonium
HYDROGEN
(
(
)
)
ANIONS (FORMULAE)
Hydroxide
(
Nitrate
(
Sulphate
(
Carbonate
(
Hydrogensulphate
Hydrogencarbonate
Nitrite
(
Sulphite
(
Permanganate
(
Dichromate
(
(
(
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
IONIC COMPOUNDS
(FORMULAE)
IONIC COMPOUND
(CATIONxANIONY)
Sodium chloride
Potassium oxide
Calcium chloride
Magnesium oxide
Zinc sulphate
Copper(II) chloride
Ammonium nitrate
(NaCl)
(K2O)
(CaCl2)
(MgO)
(ZnSO4)
(CuCl2)
(NH4NO3)
IONIC COMPOUNDS
(FORMULAE) – cont.
Iron(II) nitrate
Iron(III) sulphate
Calcium hydroxide
Sodium carbonate
Zinc hydroxide
Aluminium chloride
Aluminium oxide
Aluminium sulphate
Ammonium nitrate
Ammonium sulphate
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
(FORMULAE)
Water
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ammonia
Methane
Silicon dioxide
Sulphur dioxide
Sulphur trioxide
(H2O)
(CO2)
(CO)
(NH3)
(CH4)
(SiO2)
(SO2)
(SO3)
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
(FORMULAE) – cont.
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrochloric acid
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid
Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Ethanol
MOLECULES OF ELEMENTS
& COMPOUNDS
MOLECULE
ELEMENT
SIMPLE
H2
GIANT
C
COMPOUND
SIMPLE
GIANT
CO2
SiO2
CHEMICAL TESTS
OXYGEN
 CARBON DIOXIDE
 WATER
 CATIONS – FLAME TEST
 ANION (CHLORIDE)
 ANION (CARBONATE)
