Download Rice Plant Hopper outbreak in Myanmar

Country Report, Myanmar
AFACI PROGRAM WORKSHOP ON FOOD CROPS
(IPM/Seed-Potato)
Aangkor Paradise Hotel, Siem Reap, Cambodia
20.9.2016-24.9.2016
By
Dr. Mu Mu Kyaw
Deputy Director
Entomology Section
Department of Agricultural Research
Naypyitaw, Myanmar
1
Location of Myanmar
• Latitude :
• Longitude
9'32"- 28'31"
92'10"- 101' 11"
Land frontier
• With Thailand 2099 km
• With Laos
235 km
• With China
2227 km
• With Bangladesh 272 km
• With Inida
1453 km
Sea frontier
• Rakhine coastline
713 km
• Delta coastline
438 km
• Tanintharyi coastline 1078 km
2
Total land area 65 Mil Ha
Agricultural % 19.2
Forest % 48.2
Other % 32.6
· Main food consumed: Rice, Oil & Fat, Pulses, Sugar & Honey, Nuts
Climatic Variations
Myanmar has mainly three seasons: Summer (Mar-June), Monsoon (July-Oct)
and Winter (Nov-Feb)
Rainfall
coastal regions receiving over 5,000 mm (196.9 in) of rain annually.
Annual rainfall in the delta region is approximately 2,500 mm (98.4 in),
average annual rainfall in the Dry Zone in central Myanmar is less than
1,000 mm (39.4 in).
The Northern regions of Myanmar are the coolest, with average temperatures
of 21 °C (70 °F).
Coastal and delta regions have an average maximum temperature of 32 °C
3
(89.6 °F).
Myanmar Economy and the role of Agriculture
• Myanmar is an agricultural country, and the
agriculture sector is the backbone of its economy.
• The Agriculture sector contributes to 37.8 percent
of gross domestic product (GDP), accounts for 25 to
30 percent of total export earnings and employs
70 percent of the labour force.
• Rice is staple food in Myanmar.
• Rice agro-ecosystem in Myanmar categorized as
Irrigated area, rainfed low land area, drought prone
area, submergence area and salt affected area.
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Pests of Rice in Myanmar
• Rice stemborer
yellow stemborer, Scirpophaga incertulas
Striped stem borer
• Plant Hopper
brown plant hopper, Nilaparvata lugen
white backed plant hopper, Sogatella furcifera
green leaf hopper, Nephotettix virescens
small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
• Leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
5
Pests of Rice in Myanmar (Cont’d)
•
•
•
•
•
Hispa, Dicladispa armigera
Rice ear bug, Leptocorisa oratorius
Gall midge, Orseolia oryzae
Thrips, Stenchaetothrips biformis
Army worm, Mythimna sp.
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Background
• The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is a plant hopper that feeds on rice
plants (Oryza sativa L.). BPH are among the most important
pests of rice, and rice is the major staple crop for about half the
world's population. They damage rice directly through feeding
and also by transmitting two viruses, rice ragged stunt virus and
rice grassy stunt virus. Up to 60% yield loss is common in
susceptible rice cultivars attacked by BPH. The BPH are
distributed in: Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma
(Myanmaar), Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan,
North and South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan,
Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand,
and Vietnam.
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Rice Plant Hopper outbreak in Myanmar
 BPH are among the most important pests of rice, and rice is the
major staple crop for about half the world's population.
 First outbreak of plant hopper (brown plant hopper and white backed
plant hopper) was recorded in 1970 at kyaukse Research farm,
Mandalay Division and upper Myanmar (Myint, 1975)
 Plant hopper outbreak was recorded in 1981 (Tun,1987)
 In 1998, rice plant hopper infestation was reported to cause crop
damage in 35613 ha (Win, 1998)
 White backed plant hopper outbreaks was recorded in Bogalay
Township, Aye Yar Waddy Division, 2008 (after Nagis),
 Central and lower part of Myanmar have been listed as the mostly
prone areas to the rice plant hopper
 Management of rice plant hopper depends on repeated applications
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of synthetic insecticides.
Myanmar Agriculture Policies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
To emphasize production and utilization of high-yielding and good quality seeds.
To conduct training and education for farmers and extension staff on advanced agricultural
techniques.
To implement research and development activities for sustainable agricultural development.
To protect farmers rights and benefits.
To assist farmers to get fair price on their produce.
To assist in lowering production costs, increasing high quality crop production, developing and
strengthening of markets.
To encourage transformation from conventional to mechanized agriculture, production of crops
appropriate with climate and extension of irrigated area.
To undertake renovation and maintenance works on old irrigation, pumping and underground
water systems.
To support rural development and poverty reduction activities through development of
agriculture sector.
To encourage local and international investment in agriculture sector for the development of
advanced agricultural technology and commercial agricultural production.
To justify and amend existing agricultural laws and regulations in line with current economic
situation.
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Vision
• To attain food security for domestic
consumption and higher nutritional value by all
citizen
• To double the income of farmers and their
socio-economic status
• To improve the quality and standard of
agricultural products to compete in international
markets
10
Key Factors for development of agricultural
production
• Creating profitable and sustainable market for farmers
• Developing seed industry to utilize high-quality seeds
appropriate with local conditions to complete in
international market
• Adoption of Good Agricultural Practices
• Application of agricultural inputs such as irrigation water,
chemical and natural fertilizers efficiently and timely
• Encouraging agro-based industry to produce agricultural
value-added products
• Reduction of transactional costs along the process from
seeding to marketing
11
Paddy in Myanmar
Year
1995/96
Sown
('000 Ha)
6138
Harvested Yield
Production
('000 Ha) (MT/Ha) ('000 MT)
6033
3.08
18580
2000/01
6359
6302
3.38
21324
2005/06
7389
7384
3.75
27683
2009/10
8067
8058
4.06
32681
2010/11
8047
8011
4.07
32579
2012/13
7241
7208
3.84
27704
2013/14
7284
7264
3.90
28322
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RICE PRICE (Kyat/kg)
Month Paw san
Jan, 2014
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
486
481
475
519
552
567
603
606
647
677
744
534
Paw
kywe
345
344
345
383
437
445
468
492
501
544
603
450
Emata
317
329
321
319
325
329
371
372
368
330
317
315
Manawth
ukha
312
423
390
360
380
390
409
409
401
367
362
322
Ngasein
283
302
302
304
344
358
358
355
339
307
297
305
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Current activities of rice varietal improvement
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Irrigated low land rice
Rainfed low land rice
Aerobic rice
Drought tolerance rice
Submergence tolerance and deep water rice
Salt tolerance rice
Quality rice
Heat tolerant rice
Iron rich rice
Bacterial blight resistant rice
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Widely Grown Cultivars in Myanmar
Sr.
No
Cultivars Name Sown Area
(Acre)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Manawthukha
Sintukha
Ayeyarmin
Kawzera
Sinthwelatt
Theedatyin
Shwethweyin
Sinakary-3
Hmawbi- 2
Shwepyihtay
Yadanatoe
Yezinlonethwe
Shwewartun
Pawsanhmwe
3470303
168000
638165
625113
1545454
661935
2266480
622262
281607
15104
19648
76000
858783
526006
Sown Area Yield
(%)
(Bsk/ac)
(Ton/ha)
20.67
85-120
4.25-6.00
1.00
80-130
4.6-5.0
3.80
70-90
3.5-4.5
3.72
80-100
4.0-5.0
9.21
90-130
4.5-6.5
3.94
80-100
4.0-5.0
1.35
90-120
4.5-6.0
3.71
90-130
4.5-6.5
1.68
80-100
4.0-5.0
0.09
80-120
4.0-6.0
0.12
90-120
4.5-6.0
0.45
90-130
4.5-6.5
5.12
80-100
4.0-5.0
15
3.13
50-70
2.5-3.5
Utilization of pesticides by MOAI
No. Crop
1.
Unit
1995/96 2000/01 2005/06 2010/11 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15
Paddy Pound
105662
127670
Gallon
20232
71568
- 1362281 5970961
8388
595716
129514
1125917 3062965
133429
292979
16
Chilli (dried)in Myanmar
Year
Sown
Harvested Yield
Production
('000 Ha) ('000 Ha) (MT/Ha) ('000 MT)
1995/96
64
60
0.56
33
2000/01
101
98
0.57
56
2005/06
131
130
0.85
110
2009/10
132
132
1.01
133
2010/11
127
127
1.02
130
2012/13
113
113
1.06
119
2013/14
110
110
1.07
117
17
Tomato in Myanmar
Year
2007/08
Sown
Harvested
Yield
Production
(Ha)
(Ha)
(MT/Ha)
( MT)
105934
105934
11.66
1235561
2008/09
110277
110277
11.71
1290858
2010/11
111899
111899
11.83
1323839
2011/12
107457
107457
11.95
1284240
2012/13
110391
110391
12.51
1380512
2013/14
112730
112641
12.25
1379874
2014/15
110197
110157
12.19
1343172
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Pests of Tomato in Myanmar
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•
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Leaf miner
Aphid
White fly
Cut worm
Red spider mite
Thrip
Pest of Chilli in Myanmar
•
•
•
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Pod fly
Thrip
Red mite
aphid
Disease of Tomato in Myanmar
• Yellow mosaic virus occurs
seriously
• Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
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2016 Project outcomes
• Publications, (Journal, booklets, Farmer
channel etc.)
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Project Title
Study on Distribution, Monitoring and Management of
Rice Plant Hopper in Endemic Areas of Myanmar.
Dr. Mu Mu Kyaw
Principal Investigator
Deputy Director
Entomology Section,
Department of Agricultural Research, Myanmar
Working Scientists
Ms. San San Oo, Ms. Htet Htet Nay Win
Research Assistant
Organization
Department of Agricultural Research (DAR), Myanmar
Project Duration
July 2016 – June 2019
21
Working sites and Monitoring Methods
Four Regions in Myanmar
Light trap & Field scouting /collection
- District:Sagaing
- Research farm: Pangon
•Middle region (Light trap)
- District:Naypyitaw
- Department of Agricultural Research : Naypyitaw
Lower region (Light trap)
District: Bago
Research farm: Let Pa Dan
District: Aye Yar Waddy
Research farm: Myaung Mya
Monitoring of RPH with light trap (Executed in four locations),
yellow sticky traps (YST) (Executed in six villages), aerial sticky
trap and white cloth (size 1mX1.5m)
22
Research Farm, Pan Gone
Working sites
Department of Agricultural Research
Research Farm, Let Pan Tan
Research Farm, Myaung Mya
Major Planned Activities
 Monitoring of RPH with
• light trap ( Four locations)
• yellow sticky traps(YST) ( Four locations)
• aerial sticky trap and
• white cloth (size 1m X 1.5m)
 Frequent field visits and searching of virus infected rice plants,
transmitted by RPH
 Provide training among farmers,
 project staffs (on “RPH identification, field surveys and data
management”)
 Attending annual AFACI-IPM project evaluation and expert
workshops held both at home and abroad.
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Field Survey and Monitoring of RPH population
Light Trapping
• light traps will be operated from dusk to dawn
• The insect pests and natural enemies caught in the trap will be
collected, sorted, counted and recorded in the data sheet everyday.
• Collected information will be shared with the respective farmers and
extension workers to become alert about RPH.
25
Light trap locations and their coordinates in
corresponding sites.
Sl no.
1.
Location
(Division)
Nay Pyi Taw
2.
Site
(Symbol)
Rice Season /
Year
Remarks
Department of Agri
Research (L1)
Monsoon Season/ Middle part of
2016-2019
the country
Sagaing
Res Farm, Pan Gone
(L2)
Monsoon Season Central dry
2016-2019
Zone
3.
Bago
4.
Aye Yar Waddy
Res Farm, Let Pan Tan
(L3)
Res Farm, Myaung Mya Monsoon Season
2016-2019
(L4)
Monsoon Season
2016-2019
26
Yellow Sticky Trap (YST)
RPH will be monitored by YST
(15.24 x 25.4 cm)
Weekly monitoring of field population
• Will be started after transplanting
• Will continue until the harvest of the rice crop in each
season.
27
Monitoring of planthoppers with Aerial Yellow Sticky Trap
• The aerial movement of RPH will be monitored at Department of Agri
cultural Research, Naypyitaw
• Duration: Aug. 2016 to July 2017
• The yellow sticky traps (25cm X 35cm)
will be placed on the bund
of a seedbed and rice field facing all the four directions i.e., North, S
outh, East and West.
• Seedbed area is about 600 m2.
• The traps are placed 2.44m and 4.88m height in the four directions.
• Data on RPH, other insect pest and natural enemies will be recorded
every alternate day.
28
Monitoring of RPH using white Cloth (WC)
(size 1.0m X 1.5m)
• Monitoring of RPH will do after harvest of rice crop.
• Off-season activities of RPH will be identified.
• Their presence can be seen when the grasses or crop around
the white cloth (1.0x 1.5m) are gently shaked, which attracted
the insects to white color and settle on it for few minutes.
• Provide the information on the presence or absence of RPH in
monitoring sites and
• Thereby, it leads to appropriate management of RPH.
29
Training on RPH Identification and Their
Management
• Around 50 Farmers and 20 Staffs will be trained on RPH
identification, field surveys, and their management which
facilitated the monitoring program in farmers field more
successfully.
• Farmers will be advised to manage RPH on the basis of ETL
and rice crop stage.
30
Expected Outcomes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Seasonal occurrences of RPH (BPH, WBPH & SBPH) are known for premonsoon and monsoon
season rice, which is helpful in prediction of outbreaks of these pests.
BPH and WBPH will be identified to be the main causes of hopper burn of rice and both were
observed in rice fields as an admixture.
Farmers and Extension personnel in the endemic area will be informed earlier about the
incidence of RPH both in premonsoon and monsoon season rice.
These information will suggest them to develop RPH forecasting to rice farmers.
Extension workers can apply suitable management practices to manage RPH at appropriate
time.
Farmers and technicians trained on identification, monitoring and data management of RPH
which makes the monitoring program more successful.
Management methods for RPH will be shared among member countries through the experts'
workshop meeting.
A network on migratory disease and insect pests will be established through AMIVS website.
Species and biotype of rice plant hopper can be known by the result of molecular analysis in N
AAS, RDA, Korea.
Beneficiaries
• Major beneficiaries of this project will be directly to farmers, researchers and extension workers.
31
Discussion and suggestions
• Yellow moaic virus are very serious in many
crops, Myanmar.
• Could not control in timely.
• Which one we should control? Vectors or
virus?
• Virologist are needed in IPM project
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