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Networking Sevak Asadorian & James Brunelle 1 Topics Introduction Email & Spam (how to fight spam) The World Wide Web Ethical Perspectives on Pornography Censorship Freedom of Expression Children and the Web Internet Addiction 2 Introduction Computer’s utility increases tremendously when it is connected to a network. Shared resources Storage Printers / Scanners Files 3 Introduction Internet Connects millions of computers Surf the web Information Products Services Send e-mail to anyone in the world 4 10 Most Common Subject Lines We carry the most popular medications You’ve been sent an Insta-Kiss! You have 17 new pictures STEAMY HOT LESBIAN ACTION LIVE ON CAMERA All orders are shipped from authorized locations 2005 Digital Cable Filters F R E E * 30 second Pre-Qualification MORTGAGE Application HURRY HURRY Hot Stock on the RISE Sale PRICES ARE BEST ONLINE! Breaking news on the TOP Pick stock Top 10 Spam Subject Lines with the last 24 hours! 5 Email & Spam Messages embedded in files transferred from on computer to another via a telecommunication system. Everyone has an email address which is a unique mailbox in cyberspace Email address 1st part: Individual user name 2nd part: Domain name 6 Email & Spam Billions of e-mails are exchanged daily 2000 – 8% spam 2003 – 40% spam Spammers disguise themselves Change e-mail and IP addresses to disguise sending machine Use an innocent person’s computer as a launch pad for a spam attack 7 Email & Spam How do they get your e-mail address? Opt-In Lists Dictionary attacks Spammers buy spam-screening software to help themselves in improving their msg. quality. 8 Email & Spam Spam costs companies $500 - $2000 to hire an Internet marketing firm to send an advertisement to millions Using USPS to send out the same advertisement: $40,000 – mailing list $190,000 – bulk-rate postage Not including the brochures Email ad is 100 times cheaper than traditional flyer sent out in the mail 9 Email & Spam Is spamming wrong? Kantian Evaluation……………………………..Yes Act Utilitarian Evaluation………………………Yes Rule Utilitarian Evaluation……………………...Yes Social Contract Theory Evaluation……………...Yes Conclusion: Sending spam is wrong & immoral. E-mail address of marketers sending the spam is not correct, and subject lines of the messages are misleading. 10 Email & Spam How should we fight spam? Subscribers need to be on a email lists to receive ads Require labeling of email advertising (“ADV”) Add cost to every email that is sent Ban unsolicited email completely 11 Email & Spam M.A.P.S. (Mail Abuse Prevention System) RBL (Realtime Blackhole List) Set of Guidelines (have to comply) Company must prove recipient is on their e-mail list They must provide subscribers with simple ways to terminate their subscription Must remove invalid e-mail addresses in a timely manner Must take care not to overwhelm individual hosts or LANs Must disclose subscribers how their addresses will be used 12 Email & Spam M.A.P.S. – Is It Ethical? Social Contract Theory Evaluation – YES Kantian Evaluation -- NO 13 The World Wide Web How do we use the web? Shopping Business Information Explore our roots Games Virtual Worlds Taxes Gamble Blog 14 The World Wide Web Internet access is limited in some countries Saudi Arabia – no access to pornography, gambling sites, and pages that are deemed to be offensive to Islam Germany – forbids access to any neo-Nazi Websites United States – FULL ACCESS 15 The World Wide Web Types of Censorship Direct Censorship Government Monopolization Prepublication Review Licensing and Registration Self Censorship A group deciding for itself not to publish material 16 The World Wide Web Problems the Internet poses for Censorship Many to many vs. 1 to many The internet is dynamic The internet is huge The internet is global No age verification 17 The World Wide Web Freedom of Expression First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Freedom of Expression is not an absolute right U.S. law prohibits advertising cigarettes on T.V. FCC vs. Pacifica Foundation et al George Carlin’s “Filthy Words” 18 Ethical Perspectives on Pornography According to Dictionary.com, “Pornography is sexually explicit pictures, writings, or other material whose primary purpose is to cause sexual arousal.” 19 Ethical Perspectives on Pornography Some Utilitarians conclude that pornography is wrong based on five harmful consequences it has on society: 1.) Pornography reduces the dignity of human life. 2.) Creates an environment where true victims of sexual abuse are less likely to be dealt with sympathetically by the justice system. 3.) People imitate crimes that they have seen portrayed in pornography. 4.) Offends most people. 5.) Existence of the pornography industry diverts resources from activities that would have more redeeming social value. 20 Ethical Perspectives on Pornography Some say adult pornography is moral Some Utilitarians conclude it is moral for adults to view pornography Three beneficial consequences of pornography: 1.) Make money 2.) Physical pleasure 3.) provides the costumer with harmless outlet for exploring sexual fantasies 21 Children and the Web Many parents want what's best for their children. Many parents believe they ought to protect their children from exposure to pornography and violent material on the web. Using Web Filters can help prevent certain web pages from being displayed in your browser. 22 Internet Addiction According to Joseph Weizenbaum the reason why programmers are attracted to their machines is the feeling of freedom and power. Computer program whatever your heart desires. The resulting thrill causes programmers to have a “compulsion to program.” 23 Q&A 24