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The Vocab Pyramid Dictatorship: A government with a single powerful ruler Governor: the chief executive of a state government Republicans: one of the two major political parties in America Constitutional Monarchy: a government with a king or queen, but also a constitution United Nations: the agency whose main goal is keeping world peace Secretary of State: the President’s advisor on foreign policy Quality of life indicators: signs which show whether or not we have a good life Transboundary: something that affects more than one geographic area Economy: pertaining to money, how its made, spent, and exchanged Subsidies: government aid to businesses or institutions Scarcity: insufficiency of a supply; shortage Migration: movement of people or animals Environmental scarcity: limited natural resources Infrastructure: the things a community needs to function GPI: measurement of quality of life that combines economic resources with indicators of well being Developed countries: nations with a high per person income average Immigrants: people who move into one country from another Desertification: spreading of desert areas Stakeholders: any party that has an interest in an organization or community Transnational: something that affects more than one country Fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas produced by the decomposition of plants and animals Fertility rate: the ratio of live births to the population of an area Refugee: people who have fled their country Civic engagement: being involved and active in your community GDP: total value of goods and services produced within a country Representative government: when citizens delegate authority to elected representatives Systemic thinking: seeing structures that underlie complex situations and acting based upon that understanding Globalization: societies throughout the world and how they connect with each other Consumption: the use of natural resources Renewable: something that can regenerate or come back Terrorism: one force trying to take down another through acts of violence against innocent people Arable land: soil fit to be cultivated or farmed Worldview: perspectives and beliefs through which we make sense of our lives and our world Sustainable development: actions that won’t hurt the future’s ability to advance Nonrenewable: something that cannot regenerate or come back Structural scarcity: an unequal social distribution of resources Structural solutions: changing a component of a system to alleviate a problem Carbon dioxide: a colorless, odorless gas with one carbon and two oxygen atoms Global warming: a rise in temperature which occurs as greenhouse gasses build up and trap heat Culture: social behavior, beliefs, and other characteristics of a people Aquifers: a natural underground source of water Developing countries: nations with a low per person income