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CLIMATE
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Climate – describes the long-term weather
patterns of an area.
Climate includes: weather conditions,
variations of temperature, precipitation,
wind, and other weather variables.
Normals – standard values. Data gathered
for 30 years to determine normals.
What causes weather? Latitude,
Topographic effects and air masses.
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Water heats up and cools down more slowly
than land. Large bodies of water affect the
climates of coastal areas.
Coastal areas are warmer in the winter and
cooler in the summer than inland areas of
similar latitude.
Temperatures in the lower atmosphere
generally decrease.
Decrease with altitude. Mountains climates
are usually cooler than those at sea level. In
addition, climates often differ on either side of
a mountain.
Windward usually wet and cool. Leeward dry
and warm.
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Two main causes of weather are the
movement and interaction of air
masses.
They have distinct regions of origin,
caused primarily by differences in the
amount of solar radiation.
The properties of air masses are also
dependent on whether they form over
land or water.
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Koeppen classification system is
based on the average monthly values
of temperature, precipitation and the
distinct vegetation found in different
climates.
Tropical climates – constant high
temperatures, in some areas rain,
which form the tropical rainforests.
Tropical climate can also be dry such
as the savannas in Africa.
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Dry Climates – largest climatic zone.
Continental tropical air dominates,
precipitation is low and vegetation is
scarce.
Mild Climates – are classified into three
sub types: humid subtropical, marine
west and Mediterranean climates.
Humid subtropical – the southeast US
has this climate. Warm, muggy weather
prevails during the warmer months and
dry, cool conditions predominate during
winter.
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The marine west climate has mild
winters and cool summers, with
abundant precipitation throughout the
year.
Mediterranean climates are found in
Italy and parts of Spain. Summers are
generally warm.
Continental climates are also
classified into three subtypes: warm
summer climates, cool summer
climates and subarctic climates
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Experience rapid and sometimes violent
changes in weather.
Winter temperatures can be extreme, while
warm tropical air dominates in summer.
Polar climates lies north of the continental
climate. Constant cold.
Microclimate is a localized climate that differs
from the main regional climate.
The presence of buildings can create a
microclimate. Heat island – the climate is
warmer than surrounding rural climates.