Download MULTIMEDIA Technology

MULTIMEDIA
Technology
Presented by
ARLENE N. BARATANG, M.A.
Multimedia Definition

Multimedia refers to the combines use of
various types of data in addition to letters and
numbers, including static images, video and
audio. With advances in computer
technology, the use of data such as static
images, video, and audio files has become
increasingly common. After converting this
analog data into digital data according to
certain rules, it is used in “Web content”,
“hypermedia”, “streaming”, and other media.
Web Content

Is a generic term that refers to
information and data accessed on
Internet browsers, including static
images, video, audio and text.
Hypermedia

Is used as a logical extension of the
term “hypertext”, which applies to
text, and is a media format that links
text, images, audio, and other objects
together in an easily accessible
manner.
Streaming

Refers to a technology for efficiently
distributing and playing back audio files,
video, and other Web content. The data is
played back while it is being downloaded,
so the user does not need to wait for the
download to complete. It makes it easier to
watch videos and listen to music on the
Internet.
PDF

Portable Document Format or PDF is a file
format created by Adobe Systems’ Acrobat
software. When converting documents
created using word processing software into
PDF format, the data cab be compressed to
reduce the file size. For this reason, it is
widely used for distributing electronic
documents. PDF files cannot be edited using
the original software.
Compression Rate

Refers to the ratio of data
compression. The higher the
compression rate, the smaller the file
size.
JPEG

Abbreviation for “Joint Photographic
Experts Group”.
GIF

Abbreviation for “Graphics
Interchange Format”.
PNG

Abbreviation for “Portable Network
Graphics”.
Capture Card

A “capture card” is an extension card
that can import video signals from
VCRs and other devices, and convert
them into digital data (video) that can
be viewed on a computer.
MPEG

Abbreviation for “Moving Picture
Experts Group”.
Types of
Multimedia File
1. Static Images



File Type: JPEG
Extension: .jpg , .jpeg
Characteristics: A file format for compressing
and storing static images. Supports 24-bit full
color (16.77 million colors) images suited for
photographs; used as the image format for
digital cameras and other devices. Employs
lossy compression so there is deterioration in
quality.
Static images . . .



File Type: GIF
Extension: .gif
Characteristics: A file format for
compressing and storing static images.
Supports 8-bit color (256 colors) images
suited for graphics and other data with
limited color variation. Employs lossless
compression, so no deterioration in quality.
Static images . . .



File Type: BMP
Extension: .bmp
Characteristics: A file format for storing
static images as a collection (or map) of
dots. The images are not compressed, so
the size of the file is relative to the size of
the image and the number of colors. It is
the standard format on Windows.
Static images . . .



File Type: TIFF
Extension: .tif, .tiff
Characteristics: A file format for storing
static images developed by Microsoft and
Adobe Systems, and can save image data
of different formats. It can record images
regardless of resolution, number of colors,
etc. Employs lossless compression so
there is no deterioration in quality.
Static images . . .



File Type: PNG
Extension: .png
Characteristics: A file format for
compressing and storing static images.
Supports 48-bit color images. Employs
lossless compression, so there is no
deterioration in quality.
2. Video



File Type: MPEG
Extension: .mpg
Characteristics: A file format for
compressing and storing video. It is an
international standard format for color
video and audio.
Three MPEG formats

MPEG-1 : Used for CDs (Video-CD),
DAT (digital audio tape), hard disks
and other media that have a data
transfer speed of around 1.5 Mbps.
Data is compressed and
decompressed by software. Image
quality is comparable to VHS videos.

MPEG-2 : Used for DVDs (DVDVideo), digital satellite broadcasts,
etc. that have a data transfer speed of
several Mbps. Data is compressed
and decompressed by hardware.
Image quality is comparable to HDTV.

MPEG-4 : Used for mobile
communication devices (such as
mobile phones), video conferencing
systems, etc. that have a data
transfer speed of several kbps to
several dozens of kbps.
SWF



File Type: SWF
Extension: .swf
Characteristics: The video file format
created by Macromedia’s (now Adobe
Systems) Flash software. Widely used on
the Internet for animated video files. A
plugin (adobe Flash Player) is required to
playback video.
AVI

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File Type: AVI
Extension: .avi
Characteristics: A standard composite file
format for videos and audio used on
Windows. Software called “CODEC” that
supports the various video and audio
compression formats is required to play
AVI files.
QuickTime

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File Type: QuickTime
Extension: .mov
Characteristics: A video file format created
by Apple/ Widely used not only on
Macintosh, but also Windows computers.
These files provide simultaneous support
for various compression and
decompression systems not only for audio
and video, but also for text.
3. Audio

The types of audio format and their
characteristics are summarized below.
MP3



File Type: MP3
Extension: .mp3
Characteristics: A file format for compressing
and storing audio data using the part of MPEG-1
that controls sound. The data can be
compressed to about 1/10 the size of a music
CD (compression rate can be specified). It is
used on portable music players and used top
distribute music over the Internet.
WAV



File Type: WAV
Extension: .wav
Characteristics: A file format for storing raw
audio sampling data in the same way as CD
audio. It is used as the audio data format on
Windows
TERMINOLOGY



MIDI – abbreviation for Musical Instrument
Digital Interface
ATRAC3 – Abbreviation for “Adaptive
Transform Acoustic Coding 3.”
AAC – is a file format developed by Apple for
compressing and storing audio. Abbreviation
for “Advanced Audio Coding”.
TERMINOLOGY…

SDMI – is a file format standardized by a
foundation established to protect digital music
copyrights and used on mobile players. It is
used as a format for music files distributed
over the Internet. Abbreviation for “Secure
Digital Music Initiative.”
Archive

An archive is a collection of files that have
been packaged together. Archives are used
to be free up space by compressing large
files, or distribute multiple files as a single
package.
Lossy Compression

Lossy compression is a method of data
compression in which the compressed
images and other files cannot be completely
restored to their original state when
decompressing the archive.
Lossless Compression

Lossless compression is a method of data
compression in which the compressed
images and other files can be completely
restored to their original state when
decompressing the archive.
Compression and
Decompression of Information


When attaching large data such as
multimedia files to e-mail or publishing it on a
Web page, it is common practice to
“compress” it. The seize of the file can be
reduced by compressing the data.
“Decompress” refers to returning compressed
data to its original state.
Compression/decompression software is
used to accomplish this task
Compression . . .


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File Type: Lzh
Extension: .lzh
Characteristics: Format of files compressed
with LHA (file compression software). The
compressed data can be decompressed and
completely restored to its original state.
Compression . . .


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File Type: Zip
Extension: ..zip
Characteristics: Format of files compressed
with file compression software developed by
PKWARE. The compressed data can be
decompressed and completely restored to its
original state.
Multimedia
Application
1. Graphics Processing

Graphics processing is a task involving the
display, processing, and storing of loaded
images. In order to implement graphics
processing, it is necessary to have an
understanding of color and image quality.
Color Representation


“RGB” and “CMYK” color models are used for
displaying color on display devices and for
printing in color.
Three primary colors of light (RGB). When
displaying color on display devices, a single
dot is comprised of the three colored lights
Red(R), Green (G) and Blue (B). All colors
are reproduced by adding together R, G and
B light in varying degrees. When all three
combined, white is produced. When all three
are at zero intensity, black is produced.
Three primary colors of
light (RGB)
Red (R)
Yellow
Magenta
White
Green (R)
Cyan
Blue (B)
Three primary process colors
(CYMK)

When printing in color, the colors are created
by mixing Cyan (C), Magenta (M), Yellow (Y).
When C, M, and Y are mixed, black is
produced. For a solid black, Black (K) is
added to create CMYK ink.
Three primary process colors
(CYMK)
Cyan (C)
Blue
Magenta (M)
Green
Black
(K)
Red
Yellow (Y)
Three Elements of Color

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Hue – The color as described by wavelength.
Each hue is represented on the “color circle”.
Brightness – The intensity of the color. The
higher the brightness, the whiter the color.
The lower the brightness, the blacker the
color.
Saturation – The amount of color displayed.
The higher the saturation, the deeper the
color. The lower the saturation, the duller the
color.
Image Quality


Pixel. It refers to the dots that comprise an
image and is the smallest single component
of the image. The higher the number of
pixels, the larger the data.
Resolution. It is a value that expresses the
number of pixels per inch and is a measure of
the detail and smoothness of the image. The
higher the resolution, the more natural and
attractive the image. The lower the resolution,
the blurrier the image.

Contrast. It refers to the gradation of color,
and is a measure of the image detail. The
higher the contrast, the smoother the image.
The lower the contrast, the clearer the colors.
Graphics Software

Graphics software that handle images include
“painting” and “drawing” software.
Multimedia Technology
Applications

Graphics processing is an applied technology
for multimedia expressions. Graphics
processing involves the use of computers to
create images and videos, and add sound
and other effects to artificially create a sense
of realism. It is used in games and other
forms of entertainment as well as various
professional training programs.
Forms of Graphics Processing

Computer Graphics (CG). Refers to the
technology for processing and generating
images and videos using a computer or the
images and videos themselves. Computers
are used to create images of imaginary
objects and scenes, or to add special effects.
Two-dimensional representations are used in
tablet paintings, photographic image
processing, etc.

Three-dimensional representations are used
to create virtual worlds for video games,
simulations of the future urban landscapes,
CAD-based industrial designs, etc.
Virtual Reality (VR)

It refers to the technology for creating an
artificial (virtual) reality by combining
computer graphics with sound effects. People
can experience virtual realities like farremoved worlds, past and future locations,
etc., as if they were actually there, while not
setting foot outside their current location.
Computer Simulation

It involves using a computer to simulate an
event of some kind. Creating various
simulated situations enable results to be
realized that are otherwise unattainable using
actual theories or experiments. For example,
it can be applied to predict damage from
building fires, or the effects of global warming
on climate. The hardware and software used
to perform computer simulations are called a
“simulator”.
CAD

“CAD” is a system used when designing
machines, buildings, electronic circuits, etc.
CAD is used to design floor plans and
blueprints for buildings and automobiles,
televisions and other mechanical products. It
is also used to prepare the basic CG data
used in media such as commercials and
video games.
Collage

It is a composite picture created using a
computer to combine pictures of scenes and
people that were taken separately.