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Reaction Types Synthesis • Synthesis reactions occur when two substances (generally elements) combine and form a compound. • Basically: A + B AB • Example: 2H2 + O2 2H2O An Synthesis Example Decomposition • Decomposition reactions occur when a compound breaks up into the elements or in a few to simpler compounds • 1 Reactant Product + Product • In general: AB A + B • Example: 2 H2O 2H2 + O2 A Decomposition Example Practice #1 • Identify each reaction as either decomposition or synthesis: • C + O2 CO2 – Synthesis • 2 HgO 2Hg + O2 – Decomposition Single Displacement • Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. • A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). • Generally: A + BC AC + B – Zn + HCl ZnCl2 + H2 • Zinc replaces the hydrogen ion in the reaction Single Displacement Single Displacement Double Displacement • Double Replacement Reactions occur when a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound • AB + CD AD + CB • Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together • AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 Practice #2 • K2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 KNO3 + BaSO4 – Double Displacement • NaCl + F2 NaF + Cl2 – Single Displacement Combustion Reactions • Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. • Products are always CO2 and H2O Combustion • C4H10 + O2 CO2 + H2O Finally - Neutralization • A different kind of double displacement reaction is called a Neutralization Reaction • An Acid (starts with H) reacts with a Base (usually alkali or alkaline earth metal bonded to hydroxide) • H2O is a product Neutralization Examples • Ca(OH)2 + H2CO3 --> CaCO3 + 2 H2O Practice #3 • C4H10 + O2 CO2 + H2O • Combustion • Mg(OH)2 + HCl --> MgCl2 + HOH • Neutralization Practice and a Movie • 2 KClO3 ——> 2KCl + 3O2 – Decomposition – http://sciencestage.com/v/618/potassiumchlorate-gummy-bears-chemistry-chemicalreaction.html Practice #4 – Mg + 2 H2O ---> Mg(OH)2 + H2 • Single Displacement – Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ---> PbI2 + 2 KNO3 • Double Displacement – 8 Fe + S8 ---> 8 FeS • Synthesis – C10H8 + 12 O2 ---> 10 CO2 + 4 H2O • Combustion – 2 H2O ---> 2 H2 + O2 • Decomposition – HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O • Neutralization Chemicals in Action • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1 775983120224943095&ei=3lDRSZZyjKyo AvC28eYE&q=chemical+reaction+&hl=en • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4384238026970994778&ei=hlHRSa_mK5 CarwK5mqHgBA&q=iodine+clock&hl=en • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6 80106771263243162&ei=71HRSbWULoO MqwLskviNBQ&hl=en