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SKELETAL MUSCLE LAB BIO 137 Anatomy & Physiology I Muscle Attachments • Origin • Anchored, immovable end of muscle • Insertion • Moveable end of muscle • During contraction, the insertion moves toward the origin Radial tuberosity MUSCLE ACTIONS Types of Joint Movements • Flexion • Extension • Dorsiflexion • Plantar Flexion • Hyperextension Types of Joint Movements • Abduction • Adduction Types of Joint Movements • Rotation • Circumduction • Supination • Pronation Types of Joint Movements • Eversion • Inversion • Protraction • Retraction Types of Joint Movements • Elevation • Depression Skeletal Muscles • Skeletal muscles usually function in groups • Most movements use more than 1 muscle Functional groups of muscles • Prime mover (agonist) • Muscle primarily responsible for the action of a movement • Biceps brachii in elbow flexion • Synergist • Muscles that contract and assist the prime mover in an action • Brachialis and brachioradialis in elbow flexion • Antagonist • Muscle that works opposite the prime mover • Triceps brachii that works in the opposite direction as biceps brachii IDENTIFYING SKELETAL MUSCLES For each skeletal muscle studied • Identify the muscle • Locate the muscle in the body • Name the action of the muscle Muscles of Facial Expression • Epicranius • Frontalis • Occipitalis • Orbicularis oculi • Zygomaticus • Orbicularis oris • Buccinator Frontalis Occipitalis Orbicularis oculi Zygomaticus Orbicularis oris Buccinator MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Masseter Temporalis Both elevate the mandible Platysma Lateral Pterygoid Both depress the mandible Temporalis Masseter Platysma Depression of Mandible Lateral Pterygoid MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD Sternocleidomastoid Sternocleidomastoid Sternocleidomastoid MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE PECTORAL GIRDLE Trapezius Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior Closely associated with those that move the arm Trapezius Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM (HUMERUS) Pectoralis major Deltoid Latissimus dorsi (dorsal) Deltoid Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HAND, WRIST, AND FINGERS Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Ventral View Extensor digitorum MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH (FEMUR) Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Adductor longus Gracilis Gluteus medius Gluteus maximus Adductor longus Gracilis Gracilis MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE LOWER LEG (TIBIA AND FIBULA) Hamstrings – knee flexion Quadriceps - knee extension Sartorius – flexion of hip and lateral rotation Muscles that flex the knee and move the lower leg: Hamstrings • Knee flexion • Dorsal muscle group • Biceps femoris • Semitendinosus • Semimembranosus Hamstrings: Knee Flexion Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Biceps femoris Flexion of the leg at the hip and lateral rotation: Sartorius Sartorius Muscles that extend the knee: Quadriceps • Knee extension • Ventral muscle group • Made up of four muscles: • Vastus lateralis • Rectus femoris • Vastus medialis • Vastus intermedius Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Deep to other muscles MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES Gastrocnemius Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Muscles that move the foot • Dorsal flexion: Tibialis anterior • Plantar flexion: Gastrocnemius • Eversion: Fibularis longus • Inversion: Tibialis anterior Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius