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Chapter 8
Leadership in
Management
Why it’s important
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Managers need to recognize leadership
qualities and leadership styles that
motivate employees to be creative and
productive.
Leadership Qualities
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In management, leadership means
providing direction and vision for a company
Being a manager is not the same thing as
being a leader.
Managing is a job. Leading is a skill.
Leaders have vision.
Leadership Qualities
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They see the big picture and never lose sight
of their goal
They manage others by inspiring them rather
then ordering them.
It’s possible to be a good manager but not a
good leader.
Sometimes a good leader isn’t even the
person in charge.
Leadership Qualities
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For example, Warren Sapp is a defensive
lineman and not the quarterback
He is considered the teams leader because
of his energy, experience, and commitment
To be both a good manager and a good
leader takes several qualities
Motivation
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Motivation means three different things
Motivation means having initiative, or the
desire to take action and get things done.
Someone with initiative doesn’t wait to be
told what to do but takes action
In business, initiative is the main quality of an
entrepreneur.
Motivation
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Good leaders often motivate by inspiring
others with their energy, enthusiasm, and
“charisma,” or charm.
Most importantly, Motivation means having a
goal, whether it’s to create the best video
game or to make the best skateboard ever.
Motivation
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A true leader is motivated by a vision and
inspires others with it
Martin Luther King Jr. delivered powerful
speeches like “I have a Dream” which built a
vivid picture with his language.
One year later Congress pass the Civil
Rights Act of 1964
Confidence
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To lead others you need to inspire their
confidence.
Self confidence means more than acting sure
of yourself
To lead you not only need a goal, but some
idea of how to reach it
Confidence
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The more others are convinced that you
know what to do, the more confidence they’ll
have in you
A confident leader is a decisive leader.
People have more confidence in a leader
who is willing to make mistakes and learn
from them.
Communication
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A leader must be good at human relations,
or the ability to communicate with people.
Even if you have a vision and the confidence
to carry it out, you can’t lead others if you
can’t communicate with them.
To motivate others, you need to be able to
explain what your goals are to them.
Communication
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Many leaders use gestures, draw pictures, or
tell stories to communicate their ideas.
President Reagan relied a lot on body
language and described scenes from movies
to inspire people.
To communicate with people, a leader also
needs to be a good listener.
Communication
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By listening to people you can understand them
better and get them more involved.
You need to listen to people to be informed about
what they are doing, what their strengths and
weaknesses are, and what they need to do a better
job
When Bill Clinton ran for president the first time he
traveled on a bus to towns to hold town meetings to
find out what people wanted
Integrity
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Integrity is the most highly valued quality in a leader.
Integrity means holding to principles like honesty,
loyalty, and fairness.
In order to lead you need to set a good example
If you are willing to sacrifice the quality of the product
over making a bigger profit people are not going to
have much faith in you
Integrity
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You can’t expect your employees to have a
good work habits if you show up late for
work, leave early, and miss deadlines.
A leader who tries to cover up mistakes or
blame them on employees is not going to
inspire loyalty or confidence.
Integrity
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President Truman had a sign on the back of
his desk that said
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“The Buck Stops Here”
This meant that he took fully responsibility for
whatever happened, rather than “passing the
buck” to someone else
Developing Leadership Skills
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Some people say leaders are born and not
made. The exact opposite is true
A person with charisma, like the star athlete
or coolest kid in class, is often mistaken for a
natural born leader.
Charisma however doesn’t make somebody
a good leader
Developing Leadership Skills
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Presidents Truman and Nixon had little
charisma but were effectives leaders.
Even the shiest person can become a leader
You are not born with self-confidence, vision,
and the ability to communicate.
These qualities are learned through
knowledge and experience
Developing Leadership Skills
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You can learn leadership skills in a number
of ways:
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There are many books, videos, and courses on
leadership. Some colleges even offer a degree in
leadership. (Purdue’s OLS)
Work with someone who has leadership ability
and study what he or she does. (apprenticeship)
Developing Leadership Skills
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Join a club, a team, a drama group, or a
community organization to develop
communication skills.
Take the initiative at school, at work, or in club
activities. Volunteer for projects or activities that
give you an opportunity to lead
Styles of Leadership
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Different leaders have different styles
Some rule with strict discipline and watch
your ever move, and some are easy going
and leave you alone to do your work.
Many leaders use more than one style
depending on whom they are managing.
Styles of Leadership
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There are three basic styles of leadership:
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Autocratic
Democratic
Free rein
Autocratic Leadership
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Autocratic means “self-ruling.”
Autocratic leadership is when you like to
run everything yourself and answer to no
one.
You make all the decisions without
consulting anyone
When you give orders you expect them to be
obeyed without question
Autocratic Leadership
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Autocratic leaders assume people don’t like
to work, that they avoid responsibility, and
that they have to be watched all the time.
Autocratic leaders usually control their
workers through fear and intimidation.
Henry Ford was a classic autocratic leader
Autocratic Leadership
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He went so far as to hire secret police to spy
on his managers to make sure they where
doing what he told them
The biggest problem with autocratic leaders
is that people don’t like to work for them.
These leader’s lack of trust in the employees
dose not inspire them to be creative
Autocratic Leadership
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They get people to work hard when they are
around but once they leave workers are less
productive.
If something happens to an autocratic leader
there is usually no one in a position to take
over the business
An autocratic leader is useful in situations
where it’s important to obey orders without
question.
Autocratic Leadership
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Fire fighters, combat troops, and police often
have to deal with emergencies where there’s
no time to consult.
An autocratic style rarely works in a business
setting.
Democratic Leadership
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Democratic leadership means that managers and
employees work together to make decisions.
Everyone meets, discusses a situation, and listens to
everyone’s opinion.
New ideas are encouraged in this workplace
environment
As a democratic leader you still make the final
decision, but explain your reasons to everyone
Democratic Leadership
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A democratic leader assumes that people
are not lazy and want to work.
By giving them more responsibility, workers
will be more productive and creative.
If they don’t have someone looking over their
shoulders all the time they will take initiative
in their work
Democratic Leadership
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By showing your workers you have confidence in
them, they are more likely to have confidence in you.
Henry Ford’s autocratic style almost ruined his
company.
GM, on the other hand chose a more democratic
style.
Alfred Sloan, chairman of GM, broke the company
up into divisions and gave his managers the power
to make decisions.
As a result GM started selling more car then Ford
Free-Rein Leadership
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Free-rein leadership requires the leader to
set goals for managers and employees and
then leave them alone to get the job done.
This style shows the most trust and
confidence in workers
Another name for this type of leadership style
is hands-off leadership.
Free-Rein Leadership
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That does not mean you just put other
people in charge and leave them alone
You have to deal with the big decisions and
keep your managers informed.
You also have to be available to them if they
have questions or if any problems occur.
Free-Rein Leadership
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Giving managers and employees the power
to run things and make decisions is called
delegating.
The reasons for a leader to delegate are:
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You don’t have the time to run everything
yourself.
You can focus on more important work.
Free-Rein Leadership
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It gets your employees more involved.
It gives your employees a chance to develop their
own potential.
There are reasons not to delegate
You shouldn’t delegate if you’re doing it
because you’re lazy, don’t have confidence,
or don’t want the responsibility
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That is not leadership.
Free-Rein Leadership
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You also don’t want to delegate powers to
managers who are irresponsible
Who you choose to delegate power to is a
test of your leadership skill.
Hiring people who are experienced, reliable,
and knowledgeable about the goals lead to
success
Leadership in Teams
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Only 20 or 30 years ago autocratic
leadership was the main style used in
American companies
As companies learned the value of giving
workers more power they started using more
democratic, free-rein style.
Today the trend is to go even further.
Leadership in Teams
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Many companies have been putting workers
on self-managed teams, or work groups
that supervise themselves.
The role of the manager is being replace by
the role of the team leader
Self Managed Teams
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The use of self-managed teams started in
Japan and came to the U.S. later
American companies had emphasized
people working as individuals on separate
jobs, and decisions where left up to the
manager
Japanese companies had stressed people
working in teams and making decisions as a
group
Self Managed Teams
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The Japanese method was such a success
that American companies started copying
them.
American companies also had to many
managers running things
Every decision had to go through several
managers before anything could get done.
It slowed things down and was costly.
Self Managed Teams
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By letting teams manage themselves,
companies are able to get rid of many
managing jobs and replace them with a team
leader.
In a self-managed team, the leader is a team
player rather than a boss.
The leader doesn’t have to answer to upper
management.
Self Managed Teams
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A team leader makes a decisions with the
team rather than alone
This person learns a range of jobs rather
than just one.
The team usually works on a single project,
like designing a video game.
This way the team is more goal-oriented than
task-oriented.
The Organization of Self-Managed
Teams
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Self-managed teams are organized in two ways:
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Each team member has a special skill, or
The team selects one team leader.
With each team member having a special skills you
are able to cover a wider range
For ex: Dexter might be an expert in game theory
while, Pablo is a whiz at computer graphics and
Tim handles the marketing.
The Organization of Self-Managed
Teams
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Self-managed teams get to work on their
own, but everyone is expected to produce
results
The second type of self-managed team
appoints a team leader.
The team leader might be appointed by a top
manager or selected by the team
The Organization of Self-Managed
Teams
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As team leader, you motivate the team and
get the team members to work together
toward a shared goal.
A team leader isn’t always a manager as
much as a team captain
The idea behind self-managed teams is that
the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
The Organization of Self-Managed
Teams
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Self-managed teams have many
advantages:
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They’re more goal-oriented than task-oriented.
They’re faster and more efficient.
Team members have a chance to learn each
other’s jobs and obtain new skills.
It simplifies the decision-making process.
The Organization of Self-Managed
Teams
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Team members learn to participate and cooperate
with each other.
Self-managed teams learn to solve their own
problems.