Download Rise of Fascism - Dameron`s World History

Warm Up
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Use chapter 31, sec 3 to answer the following:
Fascism, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Nazism,
Mein Kampf, lebensraum
Use your noggin!
EQ#1: How did Hitler maintain power?
EQ#2:Why did a movement like fascism and
leaders like Mussolini & Hitler come to power
during a period of crisis?
Warm Up Answers
I.
Fascism: new, militant political movement emphasizing loyalty to
II.
Benito Mussolini: Fascist leader of Italy
III.
Adolf Hitler: leader of Germany and the Nazi Party
IV.
Nazism: group practicing its own “German” brand of fascism;
V.
Mein Kampf: Hitler’s jailhouse “autobiography” that set forth
VI.
Lebensraum: “living space”; Hitler said Germans needed
more
the state & obedience to its leader
overturn Versailles Treaty
his beliefs & goals for Germany
EQ Answers
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EQ#1: Adolf Hitler maintained power in
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EQ#2: Men like Hitler and Mussolini came to
Germany by having his enemies murdered by
the SS, using media & arts for propaganda,
and making children join Nazi organizations
power when and how they did because they
others for their country’s problems and
offered simple solutions
Rise of Fascism
Objective:
Describe
the rise of fascism in Europe and Asia
by comparing the policies of Benito Mussolini in
Italy, Adolf Hitler in Germany, and Hirohito in
Japan.
Main Idea
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In response to
political turmoil and
economic crises,
Italy and Germany
turned to
totalitarian
dictators.
Why Important?
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These dictators
changed the course
of history, and the
world is still
recovering from
their abuse of
power.
Fascism is….
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New, militant
political movement
emphasizing loyalty
to the state &
obedience to the
leader.
NO clear theory in
fascism
Fascism Shares
Fascists shared several
ideas:
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I.
II.
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Nations must struggle
(peaceful nations must
be conquered)
Pledge loyalty to
authoritarian leader
People of Fascist nations
typically wore uniforms
of same color, had
special salute, & held
rallies
Fascism vs. Communism
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Both:
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One-party rule
Denied individual rights
State is supreme
Differences:
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Fascism is a classless society
Fascists = upper classes
Fascists were nationalists
Italian Fascism
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Arose out of bitter
disappointment when
Italy failed to win
large territorial gains
after WWI
Other contributors:
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Inflation
Increased
unemployment
Benito Mussolini
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Played on fears of all
classes (worker’s revolt)
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Founded Fascism in 1919
October 1922: march on
Rome; fascists demanded
king out Mussolini in
power
“Il Duce” (leader)
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Abolished democracy
No other political parties
Secret police jailed
opponents
Rise of
the Nazis
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Held the belief that Germany HAD to overturn
the Treaty of Versailles
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Adopted the swastika and set up “Storm Troopers”/Brown
Shirts (militia groups)
Adolf Hitler’s organization and success as a
speaker earned him the title “Der Furher”
(leader) of the Nazis.
Hitler
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Attempted a “march
on Munich”, but was
unsuccessful
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“Wrote” Mein
Kampf” ; set forth
Hitler’s beliefs for
Germany
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Result = Jail
Aryans = “master race”
Vows to regain
German lands
Aryans and Lebensraum
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Who is an Aryan?
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Lebensraum:
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Germany is overcrowded; people need more
living space
Hitler promises to get this “space” by
conquering eastern Europe and Russia!
Hitler is Chancellor
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1932: Nazi Party is the largest!
Conservative members of parliament advise
President Hindenburg to name Hitler as
Chancellor (MISTAKE!!!)
Hitler uses his new power to turn Germany in to
a TOTALITARIAN STATE!!!
Hitler in Power
I.
Bans all political parties (except Nazi) and arrests
II.
Creates the SS (Schutzstaffel) or protection
squad & Gestapo to make German’s obedient to
Hitler
III.
Nazis took control of economy
IV.
Used Propaganda to control every aspect of
German life!
any opponents
(banned strikes,
dissolved labor unions, & gave govt authority over business)
Attacks the Jews
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Anti-Semitism key aspect of Nazi ideology
Though Jews made up less than 1% of the
population, the Nazis used them as
scapegoats for Germany’s troubles
Resulted in laws being passed depriving
Jews of their rights
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Kristallnacht (Night of the Broken Glass) = signals
start of Jewish elimination
Kristallnacht
30,000 Jews sent to
concentration camps
November 9-10, 1938
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Nazi mobs attack Jews in their homes
Destroy thousands of Jewish-owned
buildings
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“Night of the Broken Glass”
Signaled the “real” start of the process of
eliminating the Jews from German life
1935 Nuremberg Laws
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Nuremberg Laws
Section 1
1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German or kindred
blood are forbidden. Marriages concluded in defiance of this
law are void, even if, for the purpose of evading this law, they
were concluded abroad.
2. Proceedings for annulment may be initiated only by the
Public Prosecutor.
Section 2
Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and nationals
of German or kindred blood are forbidden.
Section 3
Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of
German or kindred blood as domestic servants.
Section 4
1. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or
the national colors.
2. On the other hand they are permitted to display the Jewish
colors. The exercise of this right is protected by the State.