Download BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY

‫اعضاء فرع الفسلجة الطبية فى كليات الطب (الموص ونينوى)‬
‫االستاذة الدكتورة بيبين خورشيد وكيل عميد كلية طب الموصل‬
‫و رئيس فرع الفسلجة الطبية‬
‫االستاذ الدكتور امجد فوزى ‪/‬رئيس فرع الفسلجة الطبية ‪/‬طب نينوى‬
‫االستاذ المساعد الدكتور مهند احمد‪/‬طب نينوى‬
‫االستاذ المساعد الدكتورة ساجدة سعيد حمودى‪/‬طب الموصل‬
‫المدرس الدكتورة علياء فاروق العمرى‪/‬طب نينوى‬
‫المدرس الدكتور ياسر محسن خليل ‪/‬طب الموصل‬
‫الدكتورة منار جورج عبداالحد ‪/‬معيدة طب نينوى‬
‫الدكتورة هند نزار العانى ‪/‬معيدة طب الموصل‬
‫الدكتورة رؤى طالل غانم ‪/‬معيدة طب الموصل‬
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‫تعليمات‬
‫توزيع درجات الفسلجة الطبية للعام ‪-2016‬‬
‫‪2017‬‬
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‫‪%30‬‬
‫نصف السنة‬
‫‪%10‬‬
‫عملى نصف السنة‬
‫‪%40‬‬
‫السعى السنوى‬
‫االمتحان النهائى ‪ %60‬ويشمل ‪:‬‬
‫‪ %15‬عملى‬
‫‪ %45‬نظرى‬
‫اذن ‪ :‬السعى السنوى ‪ +‬النهائى = ‪%100‬‬
‫نموذج االمتحان‬
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‫‪.1‬نوع االسئلة )‪multiple choice ) MCQ‬‬
‫‪ Question‬وخمسة اختيارات للنظرى‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬العملى‬
‫‪spot examination‬‬
REFERENCES
1. Text Book of Medical Physiology. Guyton
and Hall. 11ed.
2.Review of Medical Physiology.Willam
F.Ganong.
3.Essentials of Phsiology.Nicholas
sperelakis ,Robert O.Banks.
4.Human Physiology .Vander
,Sherman,Luciano.
5.internet
Lectures on Hematology for M.Sc students
2016-2017
Dr.Baybeen Selevany
Professor
PhD( Hematology) , M.Sc( Heart)
Dept. Of Medical Physiology
College of Medicine
University of Mosul
BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY
Session 1
1 November 2016
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Objectives
1.definitions
2.compostion of blood
3.functions of blood
4.plasma
5.serum
6.lymph
Hematology:
scientific study of the structure and functions
of blood in health & disease. i.e. study the
normal and abnormal morphology and
physiology of blood.
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Blood
has been defined as a highly
specialized tissue, which along
with the circulatory system
(heart, blood vessels and blood) .
Composition of Blood
total blood volume(TBV) is 8% of the
body weight of a 70kg man (i.e.5.6
Liters( 5600ml). Blood is a type of
connective tissue, consisting of:
1.
Plasma: the fluid portion of blood.
2.
Blood cells: the solid portion of
blood.
a: erythrocytes
b.Leukocytes.
C: Cell fragments (platelets or
thrombocytes)
General Functions of blood
1.Transportation:.
O2 from lungs --- cells cells ,
CO2 by cells ---- lungs
2.nutrients, electrolytes & water from
gastrointestinal tract to cells ingested
, waste products are transported from cells --- kidneys for elimination in urine
2) Maintenance: homeostasis.
a:
Many of the hormones and
enzymes --------buffers ------blood’s
PH within its normal limits of 7.35 –
7.45.
b:The osmotic composition----- ---normal fluid & electrolyte balance.
c: temperature regulation
3) Protection:
1.immune system,
2.Blood clotting also provides
PLASMA
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The normal plasma volume is about
55% of total blood volume(TBV or
roughly 3080 ml in a 70-k gm man
Composition of Plasma
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Is a pale yellow fluid that consist of:
1.
91% water
2.
2% other solutes
3.7% plasma proteins: Plasma is a colloidal solution
Origin of plasma proteins:
plasma proteins are synthesized in
the liver except circulating
antibodies or immunoglobulin's
(Ig's) which are manufactured in the
plasma cells (from B-lymphocytes
Separation of proteins performed by a
technique called electrophoresis.
Functions of plasma proteins
1.Coagulation:
fibrinogen is responsible for blood clots.
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fibrinolytic factors such as plasminogen,
which prevent formation of spontaneous
clots in the blood vessels.
2.Transport :Albumin & globulins acts as
carrier proteins
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. Inflammation: Plasma also contains a.
number of proteins that play a major role
in the production of inflammatory
responses e.g. β- globulins.
4. Immunglobulins (Ig's) or
antibodies: Formed by β – lymphocytes
& play a major role in the body’s defense
against invading pathogens. Ig's are
found mainly in the γ - globulin fraction
of plasma. Ig's are: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD,
and IgE
5-Transvascular exchange of water
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osmotic (oncotic) pressure of albumins----25mmHg at arterial and venous ends-- tends to
cause osmosis of fluid inward through the
capillary (reabsorption)
capillary hydrostatic pressure-- 40 mmHg at arterial end
and 12 mmHg at venous end-----tends to cause osmosis of
fluid outward through the capillary (filtration)
Arterial end -----filtration
Venous end ---reabsorption
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Odema (Dropsy) : Is the failure
of reabsorption of tissue fluids (
i.e. the filtration rate is exceed
the reabsorption rate).
Causes of edema:
Hypoproteinemia----nephrotic syndrome
high venous pressure: e.g. congestive heart failure.
a venous thrombosis---pregnant women
Increased capillary permeability: e.g. insect bit
Serum
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no clotting factors:
fibrinogen (factor I),
prothrombin (factor II),
labile factor (factor V),
and antihemophilic factor VIII
it has a higher serotonin
Lymph
is tissue fluid that enters the venous
blood through lymphatic circulation.
Composition:
1.
2.
clotting factors
s proteins that traverse capillary walls and
return to blood via the lymph.
Table : protein content of lymph in humans.
Source of lymph
Protein content (g / dL)
Liver
6.2
Heart
4.4
Gastrointestinal Tract
4.1
Lung
4
Skeletal muscle
2
Skin
2
Ciliary body
0
Choroid plexus
0