Download Industrial Revolution Begins

Industrial Revolution
Begins
Revolution in Great Britain
 1700s
= change in technology
 energy source changed from human &
animal power to machinery
 Industrial Revolution occurred when use
of power-driven machinery was
developed
 this started in Great Britain
Factors for Success
in Great Britain
 exploration
and colonialism
 power of the sea
 political stability
 government support
 growth of private investment
Agricultural Factors
 Jethro Tull invented seed drill
 landowners bought up small farms and
consolidated them in the enclosure
movement
 1701
Factors of Production: Land
 Great
Britain had great natural
resources
 coal
for fuel
 iron for steel & machinery
 waterways (rivers & canals) to generate
power and transport raw materials and
goods
Factors of Production: Labor
 Great
Britain’s population grew because
of greater food supply
 enclosure movement took land away
from small farmers
 resulted
in surplus of available workers
Factors of Production: Capital
 capital
is the money or property a
business needs to stay in business
 capital can be money, machines, or
people
 people
who specialized in one area had
abilities and skills to their advantages
A Revolution in Textiles
a
cottage industry is an occupation in
which you make a craft and it is done in
your home
 making cloth had been a cottage
industry
 cloth was made mostly with wool
A New Way of Making Cloth
 cloth
was now made from wool and
cotton
 more
sheep could be raised due to the
enclosure movement
 cotton came to Great Britain from the
colonies
 new
inventions helped the process of
cloth making
Cotton Gin
 invented
by Eli Whitney
 removed seeds from raw cotton
Spinning Jenny
 invented
by James Hargreaves
 spun multiple threads at one time
 threads
were still thick and broke easily
Spinning Frame
 invented
by Richard Arkwright
 similar to the spinning jenny
 spun
stronger, thinner threads
“Flying Shuttle”
 invented
by John Kay
 pushed thread back and forth on loom
automatically
 had
been done by the weaver pushing the
shuttle back and forth
 allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s
width
Power Loom
 invented
by Edmund Cartwright in 1785
 automated the weaving process
Cloth Making Outside the Home
 new
inventions to speed up the cloth
making process were big machines
 machines needed a special place to
house them
 cloth now made
in FACTORIES
Steam Powers the Revolution
 steam
is created when water is heated
to the point of vaporizing
 water vapors expand when hot
 steam engines were invented in 1712
by Thomas Newcomen
Newcomen Steam Engine
Development of the Steam
Engine
 James
Watt innovated Newcomen’s
steam engine to be more efficient
 Watt’s
engine was better suited for factories
 Richard Trevithick put a steam
engine in first locomotive
 1807  Robert Fulton developed the
first steamship
 1802
Coal for British Steam Engines
 coal
mining industry in northern and
western England grew
 by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of
Europe’s coal
 mining was dangerous
 explosions
 coal
dust
 collapsing shafts
 hard labor
Exit Ticket
 What
are the three factors of production
that we discussed?
 What is an example of each of these
factors that Great Britain had?
 How did the early inventions help the
textile industry change from a cottage
industry to an industry performed in
factories?