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Vocab review • Monomer= generic name for a building block unit – eg: a monosaccharide is a monomer of a polysaccharide • Polymer= generic name for 3 or more monomers bonded together – eg= three or more monosaccharides bonded together are a polymer, specifically a polysaccharide • Dehydration synthesis= building bigger molecules by taking water out • Degradation hydrolysis= breaking up big molecules into smaller ones by putting water in Lipids long term energy storage concentrated energy Lipids • Lipids are composed of C, H, O – Defining characteristic: long hydrocarbon chains (H-C) or rings • 3 Classes: – fats – phospholipids – steroids • Do not form polymers – big molecules made of smaller subunits – not a continuing chain Fats (triglycerides and fatty acids) • Structure: – glycerol – 3 fatty acids enzyme H2O dehydration synthesis Fats have functions! • Long HC chain – polar or non-polar? – hydrophilic or hydrophobic? • Function: – energy storage – cushion organs – insulates body • think whale blubber! Saturated fats • All C bonded to H • No C=C double bonds – long, straight chain – most animal fats – solid at room temp. Unsaturated fats • C=C double bonds in the fatty acids – most plant fats • vegetable oils – liquid at room temperature • the kinks made by double bonded C prevent the molecules from packing tightly together Saturated vs. unsaturated Phospholipids • Structure: – glycerol + 2 fatty acids + PO43- Phospholipids – fatty acid tails = hydrophobic – PO43- head = hydrophilic – split “personality” Phospholipids in water • Hydrophilic heads “attract” to H2O • Hydrophobic tails “hide” from H2O – can self-assemble into “bubbles” or bilayers water bilayer water Why is this important? • Phospholipids create a barrier in water – define outside vs. inside – they make cell membranes! Steroids • Structure: – 4 fused C rings + functional groups + HC tail • different steroids created by attaching different functional groups to rings • different structure creates different function cholesterol Cholesterol • Important cell component – animal cell membranes – precursor of all other steroids • including vertebrate sex hormones Cholesterol Important component of cell membrane helps keep cell membranes fluid & flexible FAT STEROID PHOSPHOLIPID Nucleic acids • Monomers= nucleotides • Polymers= nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, ATP) nucleotide
