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I CAN: • Explain each Piagetian stage and apply them to given descriptions • I can identify developmental markers within each stage of development What Are the Developmental Tasks of Infancy and Childhood? Infants and children face especially important developmental tasks in the areas of cognition and social relationships – tasks that lay a foundation for further growth in adolescence and adulthood Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Jean Piaget and Cognitive Development Children undergo a revolution of thought in each stage Schemas • Mental structures that guide thinking • According to Piaget, they are the building blocks of development • Schemas form and change as we develop knowledge • Right now, you are building a schema about schemas Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Assimilation • Mental process that modifies new information to fit it into existing schemas A baby will begin to suck o a bottle the way he or she sucked a breast Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Accommodation • Mental process that restructures existing schemes so that new information is better understood • Example: When children learn a butterfly is not a bird Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development • Birth to about age 2 Sensorimotor Intelligence takes the form of motor actions. Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing) Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational • Sensorimotor intelligence • Mental representations • Object permanence Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones Mental Representation Ability to form internal images of objects and events Object Permanence Knowledge that an object exists independently of one’s own actions or awareness Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Object Permanence Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Object Permanence; A not B error Watch Object Permanence video Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 At http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ue8y- Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Age 2 – 7 years Intelligence is intuitive in nature Sensorimotor Representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational • Egocentrism • Animistic thinking • Centration Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones Egocentrism • Self-centering point of view • The inability to realize there are other viewpoint beside theirs. • (the world revolves around the child and was invented for them) “The only reason bees make honey is so I can eat it” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones Animistic Thinking • Inanimate objects are imagined to have life and mental process Centration • The inability to consider more than one factor at a time Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones • Irreversibility: • For Theexample, inability atochild think through a series of events can’t imagine or mentalthe operations and pouring juice then the steps fromreverse the tumbler back into the bottle. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor • About age 7 to age 11 Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational The cognitive structure is logical but depends upon actual events. • Acquires Conservation • Mental operations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones • Conservation • The child in this stage masters this ability, to logically determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 This child lacks conservation abilities…she still cannot see that both glasses have the same amount in them Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 A Lack of Conservation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones Mental Operations • Solving problems by manipulating images in one’s mind For example, a child might be able to recognize that his or her dog is a Labrador, that a Labrador is a dog, and that a dog is an animal. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operational Formal Operational • From about age 12 on • Abstract thought appears Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Developmental Milestones • To think abstractly • To reason logically and draw conclusions from the information available • To apply all these processes to hypothetical situations. • During this stage the young adult is able to understand such things as love, "shades of gray", logical proofs, and values. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I? • Explain each Piagetian stage and apply them to given descriptions • I can identify developmental markers within each stage of development