Download Developmental Milestones

I CAN:
• Explain each Piagetian stage and apply them
to given descriptions
• I can identify developmental markers within
each stage of development
What Are the
Developmental Tasks of
Infancy and Childhood?
Infants and children face
especially important
developmental tasks in the
areas of cognition and social
relationships – tasks that lay a
foundation for further growth in
adolescence and adulthood
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Jean Piaget
and
Cognitive Development
Children undergo a
revolution of
thought in each
stage
Schemas
• Mental structures that
guide thinking
• According to Piaget, they are
the building blocks of
development
• Schemas form and change as
we develop knowledge
• Right now, you
are building a
schema about
schemas
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Assimilation
• Mental process
that modifies
new information
to fit it into
existing
schemas
A baby will begin to suck o a bottle the
way he or she sucked a breast
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Accommodation
• Mental process
that
restructures
existing
schemes so that
new
information is
better understood
• Example: When
children learn a
butterfly is not a
bird
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Jean Piaget’s
Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete
Operational
Formal
Operational
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
• Birth to about age 2
Sensorimotor
Intelligence takes the form of motor actions.
Experiencing the world through senses and
actions (looking, touching, mouthing)
Preoperational
Concrete
Operational
Formal
Operational
• Sensorimotor
intelligence
• Mental representations
• Object permanence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
Mental Representation
Ability to form internal images of objects and
events
Object Permanence
Knowledge that an object exists independently
of one’s own actions or awareness
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Object Permanence
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Object Permanence; A not B error
Watch Object Permanence video
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
At http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ue8y-
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
Age 2 – 7 years
Intelligence is intuitive in nature
Sensorimotor
Representing things with words and images but
lacking logical reasoning
Preoperational
Concrete
Operational
Formal
Operational
• Egocentrism
• Animistic thinking
• Centration
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
Egocentrism
• Self-centering point of
view
• The inability to realize
there are other
viewpoint beside
theirs.
• (the world revolves around
the child and was invented for
them)
“The only reason bees
make honey is so I can
eat it”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
Animistic Thinking
• Inanimate objects are
imagined to have life
and mental process
Centration
• The inability to consider
more than one factor at
a time
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
• Irreversibility:
• For
Theexample,
inability atochild
think
through
a series of events
can’t imagine
or
mentalthe
operations
and
pouring
juice
then
the steps
fromreverse
the tumbler
back into the bottle.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
• About age 7 to age 11
Preoperational
Concrete
Operational
Formal
Operational
The cognitive structure is
logical but depends upon
actual events.
• Acquires Conservation
• Mental operations
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
• Conservation
• The child in this stage
masters this ability, to
logically determine that
a certain quantity will
remain the same despite
adjustment of the
container, shape, or
apparent size.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
This child lacks conservation abilities…she still cannot see that both glasses
have the same amount in them
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
A Lack of Conservation
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
Mental Operations
• Solving problems by manipulating images in
one’s mind
For example, a child might be
able to recognize that his or her
dog is a Labrador, that a
Labrador is a dog, and that a dog
is an animal.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete
Operational
Formal
Operational
• From about age 12 on
• Abstract thought
appears
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Developmental Milestones
• To think abstractly
• To reason logically and draw conclusions from
the information available
• To apply all these processes to hypothetical
situations.
• During this stage the young adult is able to
understand such things as love, "shades of
gray", logical proofs, and values.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
CAN I?
• Explain each Piagetian stage and apply them
to given descriptions
• I can identify developmental markers within
each stage of development