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Classification Notes
Chapter 17
Why Classify?
Florida Panther
Ghost Cat
Mountain Lion
Screaming Cat
Devil Cat
Cougar
Over 50 common names for the organism above according
to where it is located. Why is this a problem?
Why Classify?
• To organize the 2.5 million
species
• To easily communicate
• To show evolutionary
relationships
Assigning Names
 Scientists
began to group organisms in
a system called classification
 Formal
name for this system is
Taxonomy
 Taxonomy = branch of biology that
groups and names organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
 Developed
by Carolus
Linnaeus, a Swedish
botanist, in the 1700s
 Grouped
organisms by
physical and structural
similarities
1707-1778
Binomial Nomenclature
Linnaeus’s system
contained 7 levels
or taxa
 Taxon = each level
in the
classification
system

Broadest
Narrowest
The Complete Classification System
How to remember them!
Domain
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species

Do
 Kings
 Play
 Cards
 On
 Fat
 Green
 Stools?

Dear
 King
 Philip
 Came
 Over
 For
 Gold
 Specks

The Human Species
Domain: Eukarya (Cells with nucleus)
Kingdom: Animalia (Animal in Latin)
Phylum: Chordata (Has a notochord)
Class: Mammalia (Mammary glands)
Order: Primates (Opposable thumb)
Family: Hominidae (Bipedalism)
Genus: Homo (man)
Species: sapien (wise)
The Old System = 5 Kingdoms
6 Kingdom Proposal
Archebacteria
EUbacteria
The Six Kingdoms of Organisms
1.Archaebacteria
2.Eubacteria
3.Protist
4.Fungi
5.Plants
6.Animals
Prokaryotic Cell
• Simplest Cells
• DNA is NOT in a nucleus
• Does NOT have membranebound organelles
• Organisms in the Eubacteria
and Archaebacteria Kingdoms
Eukaryotic Cell
• Cells are more complex
• DNA IS in a nucleus
• Membrane-bound organelles such as
mitochondria, ER, golgi, & chloroplasts (in
plants)
• Organisms in the Protist, Fungi, Plant, &
Animal Kingdoms
Unicellular
• Made of 1 cell
• ALL organisms in the
Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Kingdoms
•MOST Protists & some Fungi
Multicellular
•
Made of many cells
• ALL oOrganisms in the
Plant & Animal Kingdoms
• SOME Protists & MOST
Fungi
Kingdom Protista
Microbes including slime molds, protozoa, and
primitive algae
Amoeba
Paramecium
Water Mold
Euglena
Giardia
Slime Mold
Dinoflagellates Green Algae
Brown Algae
Diatom
Kingdom Fungi
Importance: Break down dead organic matter to cycle nutrients
through ecosystems
Kingdom Plantae
Autotrophs = make their own food from sunlight
Bryophyte
(Moss)
Pteridophyte
(Fern)
Pteridophyte
(Fern)
Coniferophytes
(Pine Trees)
Angiosperm;
Dicot
Angiosperm;
Monocot
Kingdom Animalia
Heterotrophs = obtain food from other organisms
Kingdom Animalia
How are Evolutionary
Relationships Determined?

Structural similarities

Breeding behavior

Geographical distribution

Chromosome comparisons

Biochemistry
Dichotomous Key
A
dichotomous key is a set of
numbered statements used to
identify the name of an
organism.
 “Dichotomous” means
divided into two parts.
Smurf Dichotomous Key
Wearing white pants… go to 2
Not wearing white pants…go to 3
2. Has glasses… Brainy Smurf
no glasses… go to 4
3. Red pants…Papa Smurf
White dress…Smurfette
4. White pants are overalls…Handy Smurf
White pants are not overalls… go to 5
5. Carries a mirror…Vanity Smurf
Carries a trumpet…Harmony Smurf
1.
Dichotomous Key
Create a Dichotomous Key to
organize and name these
organisms