Download Cartographic modeling

Cartographic modeling
• … a set of interacting, ordered map
operations that act on raw data, as well as
derived and intermediate map data, to
simulate a spatial decision-making process
(DeMers, 1997, p. 353)
• developed by Dana Tomlin (1990)
Cartographic modeling
• A cartographic model is a plan of how to
proceed through an analysis, including the
necessary data, operations on those data,
intermediate results of those operations, and
the final results of the analysis.
• A cartographic model is usually expressed
in a flowchart of some kind.
Cartographic modeling
– No matter how much experience you have,
flowcharting aids the modeling process by:
• diminishing the overall complexity of the task
• allowing the analysis to be planned out in an
organized manner
• providing documentation
Cartographic modeling
– Steps in cartographic modeling for a site
suitability analysis:
Operationalizing
•
•
•
•
1. Identify the goal of the analysis
2. Identify the criteria for site suitability
3. Identify necessary data layers and GIS operations
4. Create a formal representation (e.g. flowchart) of
how analysis should proceed
• 5. Go through analysis
• 6. Iterative refinement of analysis
• 7. Model verification
Cartographic modeling
– Goal
• Rank land according to suitability for farming
– Criteria
• must be on fair or good soil
• must be on slope < 11 %
• must be > 10 meters from water
• Soil criteria is twice as important as slope
• Desire a ranking of land, if possible
Data Inputs
• Soils (vector)
• Elevation (raster)
• Waterbodies (vector)
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
Soil
1
2
3
5
4
ID Type
1
2
3
4
5
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
xxxx
1
rasterize
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
1
1
2
RasSoil
1 2 2 3
2 2 3 3
2 3 3 1
3
3
2
SoilRank
3 2 2 1
2 2 1 1
2 1 1 3
4
4
2
4
1
1
2
1
5
4
5
5
1
5
reclassify
1 good
2 fair
3 poor
4 poor
5 good
3
1
3
3
ID Type
1 poor
2 fair
3 good
3
3
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
SoilRank
3 3 2 2 1
3 2 2 1 1
2 2 1 1 3
1 2
1 1
3
1
3
3
3
3
reclassify
multiply
SoilRank
SRankR2x
SRank2x
multiply x 2
6
6
4
6
4
4
4
4
2
4
2
2
2
2
6
2
2
4
2
6
2
6
6
6
6
ID Type
ID Type
1 poor
2 fair
3 good
2 poor
4 fair
6 good
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
Elevation
calcslope
reclassify
Slope
SlopeRank
Slope
Elevation
75
84 78
85
96
14
13
11
15
16
67
74 79
81
83
9
8
7
8
11
69 70 71 76 79
4
3
3
6
7
70
73 70
68
74
4
4
3
7
6
63
67 68
62
64
8
9
4
10
11
SlopeRank
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 2 1 0
2 3 3 2 2
calcslope
(not correct!)
2
1
reclassify
0-3 =3
4-7 =2
8 - 10 = 1
> 10 = 0
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
0
ID Slope
0
1
2
3
impossible
poor
fair
good
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
SRank2x
6 6
6 4
4 4
4 4 2
4 2 2
2 2 6
2
2
6
2
4
2
6
6
6
6
add
SlopeRank
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 2 1 0
2 3 3 2 2
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
0
ID Type
ID Slope
2 poor
4 fair
6 good
0 impossible
1 fair
2 good
SoilSlope
=
6
6
4
4
2
7
5
6
3
2
6
7
5
4
8
4
6
9
8
8
3
3
4
7
6
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
Slope
14 13
11
15
16
9
7
8
11
8
reclassify
4
3
3
6
8
4
4
3
7
6
8
9
4
10
11
> 11 = 0
0 - 10 = 1
BadSlope
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ID Status
0 excluded
1 included
1
0
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
Water
buffer
Water
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
WaterBuf
B
A
B
B
Buffer
10 meters
ID Buffer
A in
B out
1
0
1
WbufR
1 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
rasterize
A = excluded
B = included
1
1
1
1
ID Status
0 excluded
1 included
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
0
1
1
BadSlope
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1
ID Status
0 excluded
1 included
x
1
0
multiply
WBufR
1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Exclusive
=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
ID Status
ID Status
0 excluded
1 included
0 excluded
1 included
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
Exclusive
SoilSlope
Rough
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
4
4
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
5
6
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
6
7
5
4
8
6
7
5
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
4
6
9
8
8
4
6
9
8
0
1
1
1
1
0
3
3
4
7
6
3
3
4
7
6
x
multiply
ID Status
0 excluded
1 included
=
Cartographic modeling
Rough
Final
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
7
5
0
0
4
6
9
8
0
3
3
4
7
6
reclassify
0
1-3
4-5
6-7
8-9
=0
=4
=3
=2
=1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
3
0
0
3
2
1
1
0
4
4
3
2
2
ID Rank
0
1
2
3
4
Excluded
Best
Good
Fair
Poor
Cartographic modeling
Soil
rasterize
RasSoil
reclassify
SoilRank
multiply
SRank2x
add
Elevation
calcslope
Slope
reclassify
SlopeRank
BadSlope
multiply
SoilSlope
multiply
Rough
Exclusive
reclassify
Water
buffer
WaterBuf
rasterize
WBufR
Final
Cartographic modeling
• Can get large and complex diagrams
– Manage intermediate data layers
– Maintain documentation
• Model verification
– Question integrity of model - do the data and operations
capture the real world process you are attempting to
model?
– Does the model output suit the decision making needs
of the organization?
– Check for logical inconsistencies (maps are helpful for
this)
Cartographic modeling
– check for logical inconsistencies (maps are
helpful for this)
Slope
Final
14
13
11
15
16
0
0
0
0
0
ID Rank
9
8
7
8
11
0
0
0
0
0
4
3
3
6
7
2
2
3
0
0
4
4
3
7
6
3
2
1
1
0
8
9
4
10
11
4
4
3
2
2
0
1
2
3
4
Excluded
Best
Good
Fair
Poor
Cartographic modeling
– Remember that GIS is for decision support, it is
not the decision maker!