Download Civil Rights Movement

■ Essential Question:
–What were the significant events
in the history of African Americans
before the civil rights movement?
■ CPUSH Agenda for Unit 13.1:
–Clicker Preview Questions
–“African Americans in the USA” activity
–Today’s HW: 29.1
–GA HS Grad Test: Tues, March 19
–Unit 13 Test: Thursday, March 28
African Americans in U.S. History
■ To better appreciate the impact of the
Civil Rights movement, let’s review the
struggles African Americans faced over time
–Working with a partner, complete the
timeline of events in U.S. history that
impacted African Americans
–Each era on the timeline has a matching
“Injustice” & “Achievement” event
–Answers will be revealed in a brief ppt
Slavery in
American History
(1619-1865)
Slavery in American History
■ In 1619, the 1st African slaves
were introduced in the
colonies
■ By 1660, slave labor replaced
indentured servitude as the
main colonial labor system:
–Slaves worked on tobacco
& rice plantations in
Southern colonies
–Slaves worked as domestic
servants in Northern
colonies
Timeline Answers:
Colonial Era:
D&8
the American
Revolution,
slaves
The
Revolutionary
(1776-1783)
But,Before
the
Founding
FathersWar
did not
abolish
slavery
were
present
in each towards
of the 13slavery
colonies
changed
attitudes
By 1804,
Timeline Answers:
9 outlawed
slavery
The New Nation:
I&3
The Northwest
Ordinance (1787),
outlawed slavery
In 1808, the
USA outlawed
the African
slave trade
From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension
increased as slavery expanded into the West
“King Cotton” became dominant
& increased slavery in the South
Timeline Answers:
Early Antebellum:
G&5
1790
1830
FromSlavery
1800 to
1860,
sectional
tension
Abolitionists
like
William
Lloyd
Garrison,
in
America,
1860
increasedDouglass,
as slavery&expanded
into theStowe
West
Frederick
Harriet Beecher
attacked slavery
The Compromises
of 1820 & 1850
During Manifest
Destiny,
tensions
only temporarily
settled
the issue
over slavery increased as Texas &
the Mexican Cession were added
Timeline Answers:
Late Antebellum
B&6
Sectional events led to Civil War:
Bleeding Kansas, Dred Scott case,
John Brown’s Raid, Election of Lincoln in 1860
1860
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
in 1863 which made the Civil War about slavery
Reconstruction
& the Jim Crow Era
(1865-1954)
The Union victory in the Civil War led to the:
 13th Amendment (ended slavery)
 14th Amendment (citizenship for freedmen)
 15th Amendment (voting rights for freedmen)
 Freedman’s Bureau & five military zones
Timeline Answers:
Civil War &
Reconstruction:
A
&
1
The South responded with the
KKK & black codes;
Reconstruction ended in 1877
Jim Crow
laws
created
segregation
Civil
rights
leaders
WEB DuBois &
States
with
Jim
Crow
Laws
 Poll taxes,
literacy
tests,
&
Booker T Washington fought against
grandfather
clauses
segregation
laws; the NAACP was
 Most formed
blacks were
sharecroppers
to help
African Americans
Timeline Answers:
Gilded Age &
Progressives:
H Court
&7
In 1896, the Supreme
declared “separate but equal”
in the Plessy v Ferguson case
During
WWI,War
the Great
Migration
World
I & the
1920sled
African American workers into the North;
Black soldiers fought in segregated units
In the 1920s, African
Americans
experienced the
Harlem Renaissance
Timeline Answers:
WWI & 1920s:
In the 1930s, FDR’sC & 2
New Deal discriminated
against black workers
Worldpressured
War II FDR to create
A. Philip Randolph
the Fair Employment Practices Commission
Timeline Answers:
1930s & WWII:
F&9
In WWII, the Great Migration helped
break sharecropping in the South
Timeline Answers:
Post War:
E&4
In the 1950s, white flight to
the suburbs & Jim Crow laws
left the U.S. segregated
The Modern
Civil Rights Movement
(1954-1965)
By 1950, the United States was a segregated society:
Jim Crow laws
White flight
throughout the
to the suburbs left
South created
African Americans
a segregated society
in poor inner cities
(de jure segregation)
(de facto segregation)
But after WWII, African Americans
gained success in civil rights
In 1948, Truman became
the 1st president to
attack segregation
Truman issued an
executive order to
integrate the military
He outlawed
discrimination in the hiring
of government employees
In 1947, Jackie Robinson
was the 1st black major
league baseball player
Jackie Robinson signing his
professional contract with
Brooklyn Dodgers owner
Branch Rickey in 1945
Robinson
Robinson
Robinsonmade
won
wonNational
Rookie
his MLB
League
of debut
the Year
MVP
in 1947
inin1947
1949
The modern Civil Rights movement began
in 1954 with the Supreme Court decision
Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
The NAACP took the lead
Their strategy was to
in civil rights; Segregated use lawsuits to challenge
schools became their
that segregation violated
primary target
the 14th Amendment
Brown v Board of Education in 1954
The Topeka school district
denied Linda Brown from
attending a white school
4 blocks from her house
NAACP lawyer
Thurgood Marshall
used the
14th Amendment to
attack public school
segregation
Marshall argued that
even “equal” schools,
if separate, imply that
black children are
inferior to whites
The Supreme Court’s unanimous decision in
Brown v Board of Education (1954) ruled
“separate facilities are inherently unequal”
Chief Justice Earl
Warren stated that
segregation violated
the “equal protection
clause” of the
14th Amendment
The decision overturned the Plessy v Ferguson
(1896) “separate but equal” precedent
The Brown decision was divisive:
Schools integrated in
But Southern state leaders
Baltimore, St Louis, & vowed to resist integration
Washington DC
& the KKK returned to block
integration
At first, President Eisenhower left enforcement of
Brown up to states & did not enforce the decision
Resistance to Brown
“The people of Georgia will
not comply with the
decision of the court…
We're going to do whatever
is necessary in Georgia to
keep white children in
white schools and colored
children in colored
schools."
In 1957, President Eisenhower was
forced to support integration
Arkansas governor Orval Faubus
called the National Guard to keep
black students from enrolling in
Little Rock’s Central High School
Arkansas
Governor
Orval Faubus
Eisenhower sent the Army to force integration for
the black students (the “Little Rock Nine”)
Conclusions
■The Brown v BOE decision was the first
major step towards ending Jim Crow
segregation in America
–The NAACP provided a model for other
civil rights leaders to follow by using
the 14th Amendment
–Resistance to Brown revealed that civil
rights leaders could not rely on the
gov’t to protect rights
■New leaders would soon emerge to take
charge of the movement