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Download 11.2 Imperialism
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Imperialism Patterns of Change Forms of Colonial Control Colony A country or region governed internally by a foreign power – Examples: Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony Belgian Congo was a Belgian colony Rhodesia was a British colony Protectorate A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power (kind of like a foster child) – Example: Britain established a protectorate over Nigerian delta Britain established a protectorate over TransJordan (Palestine) Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading rights. – Example: Liberia was under the influence of the United States Economic Imperialism Independent but less developed nations are controlled by private business interest rather than by other governments. – Example: The Dole Fruit company controlled the pineapple trade in Hawai’i. – The British East Indies company controlled India. Patterns of Imperial Management Direct and Indirect Control Indirect Control Local gov’t officials are used Limited self-rule Goal is to develop future leaders Gov’t institutions are based on European styles but may have local rulers British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma Direct Rule Foreign officials are brought in to rule No self-rule, paternalistic (Europeans provide for locals but give no rights) attitude Goal is assimilation (population is absorbed into the imperialist culture) Gov’t institutions are based only on European styles French colonies such as Vietnam; German colonies such as Tanganyika; Portuguese colonies such as Angola. African Resistance Unsuccessful and Successful Resistance Unsuccessful Resistance Algeria led a 50 year struggle against France before they gave in. East Africans resisted the Germans by using a spiritual defense that included the belief in magic water (maji-maji) sprinkled over their bodies that would ward off European bullets. It didn’t work! Successful Resistance Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II took advantage of the rivalries among the Italians, French, & British to build an arsenal of weapons. He later declared war and defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adowa. The Impact of Colonial Rule in Africa European rule greatly transformed African societies. Benefits Reduced local warfare. In some colonies it improved education,sanitation,transportation, & communication. African products came to be valued on the international market. Negative Consequences Death from European diseases. Death from active resistance to European rule Loss of property Famine Breakdown of traditional life Artificial political divisions that would lead to ethnic and civil wars. Important Concepts Paternalism What does it mean? How did the Europeans practice paternalism toward the Africans? Assimilation What does it mean? Which European countries supported the policy of assimilation? Give some examples of how they assimilated the Africans?
