Download final exam review - Technology Systems

FINAL EXAM REVIEW
2011 - 2012
The 9 Core Technologies
What is the definition of Core
Technologies?
The Building Blocks of
Technology Systems.
What are the 9 Core Technologies?
•
•
•
•
•
Mechanical
Electrical
Thermal
Fluid
Optical
•
•
•
•
Structural
Material
Bio-Related
Electronic
What is Structural Technology?
The technology of putting parts
together to creating supports,
containers, shelters,
connectors, and functional
shapes.
What is Mechanical Technology?
The technology of putting
together parts to produce,
control and transmit motion.
What is Materials Technology?
The technology of
producing, combining, and
altering materials.
What is Thermal Technology?
The technology of producing,
storing, controlling,
transmitting, or getting work
from heat energy?
What is Biotechnology?
The technology of using,
adapting and altering
organisms and biological
processes for a desired
outcome.
What is Fluid Technology?
The technology of using fluid,
either gaseous (pneumatic) or
liquid (hydraulic) to apply force
or to transport.
What is Electrical Technology?
The technology of producing,
storing, controlling,
transmitting, and getting work
from electrical energy.
What is Optical Technology?
The technology of producing light;
controlling light; using light for
information collection, processing,
storage, retrieval, and
communication; and using light to
do work.
What is Electronic Technology?
The technology of using small
amounts of electricity for
controlling, detecting, information
collecting, storing, retrieving,
processing, and communicating.
Technology
What is Technology?
The application of skills or
tools to better human
capabilities or enhance
lifestyles.
When people use resources to
produce products or provide
services that meet certain wants
and needs, what are they creating?
They are creating
technology.
Impacts of Technology
Directions: List at least 5 positive
impacts and at least 5 negative impacts
of technology for the products.
Impacts of Technology:
Computers
Positive Impacts
Negative Impacts
1. Storage of information
2. Easy retrieval of
information
3. Word Processing
Programs
4. Internet Accessible
5. Able to play multimedia: Videos, Slideshows, etc.
1. The computer crashes
occasionally
2. Information can be
corrupted causing loss
3. Can be addictive
4. Able to be hacked
5. Able to download
Viruses, Malware, and
Spyware
Impacts of Technology:
Airplanes
Positive Impacts
Negative Impacts
1. Faster way to travel
2. More people in one
trip
3. Travel over water
4. Travel over
mountains/valleys
5. Less vehicles over long
distances
1. High fatality rate when
crash occurs
2. Amount of fuel used
3. Ticket prices
4. Drug smugglers
5. 911 (enough said)
Impacts of Technology:
Headphones
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Positive Impacts
Eliminates outside noise
Produces desired sound
directly into the ear
Creates an atmosphere of
intense listening
Creates good audio
playback for musicians
Creates excellent audio for
portable music
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Negative Impacts
Creates a less social society
Increases the chance of
deafness
May cause headaches
Can pass an ear infection
from one person to
another (earplugs)
Can short circuit in one ear
Impacts of Technology:
Maximum-Security Prisons
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Positive Impacts
Able to keep dangerous
people apart from others
Keeps order
Provides shelter for
criminals
Reforms criminals
Provides punishment and
penance for criminals
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Negative Impacts
Produces victims of jail
crimes
Houses repeat offenders
with first time offenders
Houses murderers with
thieves
Cost taxpayers money
Does not necessarily
reform criminals
Impacts of Technology:
Automatic Handguns
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Positive Impacts
Provides protection
Can be used as a hunting
weapon
Can be used to defend a
city (police)
Can be used to defend a
country (military/war)
Shoots multiple times
without reloading
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Negative Impacts
Takes lives/Kills innocent
people
Can be used as a threat
Can be used as deadly
force
Can fall into the hands of
children
Some are sold on the
street as illegal guns
What is a Resource?
Something that provides a
service, produces a product,
or solves a problem.
What are the seven resources?
People
Energy/Power
Capital/Money
Time
Tools/Machines
Information
Materials
What is a System?
A group of resources
working towards a common
goal.
What are the 4 parts of a system?
Input
Output
Process
Resources
What are the basic needs and wants
common to all people?
Food
Transportation
Shelter
Communication
Protection
Water
Recreation
Healthcare
What are the activities of technology?
Manufacturing
Construction
Transportation
Communication
Bio-related
What is Manufacturing ?
The production of products
or goods.
What is Construction?
The building of structures.
What is Transportation?
The moving of goods or
people.
What is Communication?
The understanding of
others over long distances.
What is Bio-related?
The altering of
organisms.
TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS
Directions: Create a list of resources
used, problems solved, and
improvements made for each
technology system listed below.
What is a Technology System?
A group of resources working
together, using or producing
technology to solve problems
and extend human capabilities.
Technology Systems
Automobile:
• Resources - Metal Frame, Braking system,
automatic/manual transmission, suspension
system, structured glass, etc.
• Problem solved - The automobile shortened
travel time over long distances for an individual
driver.
• Improvements - The horse/mule/camel had to
rest after long distances. The automobile
eliminated the need to stop and rest.
Technology Systems
Desktop Computer
• Resources: hard drive, monitor, keyboard,
mouse, software
• Problem solved: storage and retrieval of
information electronically
• Improvements: successor of the typewriter
Technology Systems
Mousetrap
• Resources: spring, wood, metal
• Problem solved: mice/rats are caught by use of
bait; Elimination of pests.
• Improvements: more efficient way to trap
mice/rats
Technology Systems
Vacuum Cleaner
• Resources: electric motor (suction), brush, bag,
wheels, hard plastic
• Problem solved: automatic suction of dirt and
lint from floors instead of physical work.
• Improvements: successor of the broom
Technology Systems
Steam Iron
• Resources: metal, heating core, hard plastic,
temperature control
• Problem solved: no longer using spray bottles
to soften clothes before ironing
• Improvements: successor of the non-steam
iron. Elimination of spray
Technology Systems
Telephone
• Resources: hard plastic, wire, audio receiver,
handset, numbered buttons
• Problem solved: able to hear and speak to the
person you are communicating with.
• Improvements: successor of the telegraph
Floor Plan Design
What is a Floor Plan?
The top view of a building
at a specified floor level. A
floor plan includes all room
locations and sizes.
What is a Bubble Diagram?
Spaces are designed to
show proximity
relationships to one
another.
What are the 3 types of floor plan
systems?
Linear
Centralized
Axial
What is a Linear Floor Plan?
A floor layout where the spaces
are arranged along a
common/main corridor (hallway).
Examples: Schools, Office Buildings, Apartment
Building, etc.;
What is a Centralized Floor Plan?
• A floor layout where the spaces
arranged around a central area,
usually a courtyard.
• Examples: Museums, Shopping Malls, Stadiums,
etc.;
What is an Axial Floor Plan?
A floor layout where the spaces
arranged along corridors (hallways)
from a central area in a radial pattern.
Examples: Strip Malls, Large Schools, Theaters, etc.;
Measurements
Students must be able to identify all
increments of the ruler.
Measurements
Notes to remember:
Every single line equals 1/16”
Every two lines equals 1/8”
Every four lines equals 1/4”
Every eight lines equals 1/2"
Every sixteen lines equals 1”
Measurements
3/8”
1-9/16”
2-15/16”
4-3/4”
Measurements
1/8”
1-1/16”
3-13/16”
5-5/16”
Perspectives
What is an One-Point Perspective?
A drawing in which the front
view is drawn to its true scale
and all receding sides are
projected to a single vanishing
point located on the horizon.
What is a Vanishing Point?
A point on a perspective
drawing that all lines are
projected towards. It is known
as the point at which projection
lines intersect on a perspective
drawing.
What is a Pictorial Drawing?
A picture-like drawing that
shows several sides of an
object in one drawing. The two
types of pictorial drawings are
known as isometric and
perspective.
What is an Isometric Drawing?
Drawings that are used
extensively in mechanical
engineering work. A realistic
representation of a drawing in
three-dimensions.
What is a Two-Point Perspective?
A drawing in which the
receding sides are projected
to two vanishing points,
one on each end of the
horizon line.
Simple Machines
SIMPLE MACHINES: LEVERS
• What is a lever?
A rigid bar that rests on a support called
a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads.
• How does a lever help you?
Levers exert a large force over a small
distance by exerting a small force over a
greater distance.
SIMPLE MACHINES: INCLINED PLANE
• What is an inclined plane?
An inclined plane is a sloped surface along
which a load is moved by force.
• How does an inclined plane help you?
An inclined plane makes work easier by
breaking an upward or downward
movement into small increments.
Graffiti
What is Graffiti?
An inscription or drawing
made on some public
surface.
What are 4 ways Graffiti is illustrated?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Diagram: a graphic design
Sketch: a rough outline
Cartoon: a drawing intended to
be humorous
Image: a graphic representation
What are 3 uses of Graffiti?
1. Murals – Wall paintings
2. Tagging - Illegal writing on public
surfaces
3. Presentations - Adds creativity to
boards
What is Shading?
An area of relatively dark tone
or close lines, dots, or hatching
that produces darkness or
shadow in a drawing or picture.
What is a Fade?
To lose or make something
lose brightness, color, or
loudness gradually
What is a Shadow?
A darkened shape on a
surface that falls behind
somebody or something
blocking the light
What is Rendering?
An architect’s
representation of the inside
and outside of a finished
building, drawn in
perspective
What is Blending?
To shade from one color to
another without obvious
transitions and boundaries; to
mix different substances
together so that they do not
readily separate
What is Stipple?
To give something, for
example, wet paint or
plaster, a rough grainy
texture with dabbing
strokes
What is a Sketch?
A drawing or painting that
is done quickly without
concern for detail.
Inventions
and
Innovations
What is an Invention?
An invention can be
thought of as a new humanmade device or process.
What is an Innovation?
Innovation can be thought
of as simply a better way of
doing things. Another
concept of innovation is
simply an improvement.
What is Design?
The process of designing
solutions to technological
problems— innovating and
inventing.
What is Brainstorming?
A plan for making
something.
What is a Design Brief?
A statement of the
problem that is to be
solved.
What is a Prototype?
A one-of-a-kind model;
A preliminary model of a
product.
What is the Design process?
A process that uses problem
solving to arrive at the best
solution, or design.
Bridges
What are 7 types of bridges?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
BEAM
SUSPENSION
ARCH
DRAWBRIDGE/MOVABLE
TRUSS
CABLE-STAYED
CANTILEVER
What are the four forces acting on a
bridge?
Compression – Squeezing
Tension – Stretching
Shear – Sliding
Torsion - Twisting
What are the loads acting on a bridge?
Weight of structure
Weight of object
Soft soil
Temperature
Earthquake
Wind
Vibration
What materials are used to construct a
bridge?
Wood
Plastic
Aluminum
Brick
Concrete
Reinforced Concrete
Cast Iron
Steel
What shapes are used in bridges?
Rectangles
Arches
Triangles
Careers
What is an Architect?
A designer and constructor of
buildings.
Architects must be able to
graphically communicate ideas
and designs. An artist, engineer,
and businessman combined.
What is a Draftsman?
She or he translates the ideas,
sketches, and designs of an
architect into sets of drawings
from which a structure can be
built. The work includes drawings,
sketching, tracing, computation,
and detailing.
What is a Structural Engineer?
The structural engineer,
through the use of
calculations, designs the
structural part of buildings.
What is a City Planner?
The city planner studies and plans
the development or
redevelopment of large areas such
as cities, communities, housing
projects, commercial projects, and
so forth.
What is a Civil Engineer?
The civil engineer handles the
calculating and designing also
done by the structural
engineer.
What is an Electrical Engineer?
The electrical engineer in the
building trade designs the
electrical components of
structures.
What is a Mechanical Engineer?
He or she works in production, the
use of power, and machines which
use power. The mechanical
engineer who works in the
building trades designs for
operational parts of a structure.
What is a Contractor?
The contractor is a business- person
who is responsible for the
construction and finishing of a
structure. He or she can do this work
either with his or her own employees
or by subcontracting other workers.
Materials
What is Cement?
A masonry adhesive material
purchased in the form of
pulverized powder. Any substance
used in its soft state to join other
materials together and which
afterwards dries and hardens.
What is Concrete?
A mixture of cement,
sand, gravel, and water.
What is Insulation?
Materials for obstructing
the passage of sound, heat,
or cold from one surface to
another.
What are Reinforcing Bars?
Steel rods embedded in
concrete making the
concrete form stronger.
What is Common Brick?
The most available brick in
the U.S. usually made of red
clay.
What is Plywood?
A piece of wood made of three
or more layers of veneer joined
with glue and usually laid with
the grain of adjoining plies at
right angles.
Energy Sources
What are two types of energy sources?
Renewable
Nonrenewable
What are 5 examples of renewable
energy?
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
Hydropower
Hydrogen
Bioenergy
Nuclear
Fusion
What are 3 examples of nonrenewable
energy?
Oil
Gas
Coal
(Fossil fuels)
Wood Towers
Wood Tower Design Principles
Structural Shapes
The best wood tower designs use basic
structural shapes, such as triangles, whose
firmness allows them to support weight in a
secure fashion. Squares and other polygons can
also be used in tower designs, but require
support if they are to bear weight without
twisting and giving way.
Wood Tower Design Principles
Joint Types
A good wood tower design incorporates several
types of joints to help increase its tensile
strength. Butt joints are the simplest of joints
as they simply consist of two members butted
together and adhered with glue. Lap joints, on
the other hand, use an overlapping method to
join two pieces of wood or other material and
offer greater stability.
Wood Tower Design Principles
Symmetry
Symmetry is essential to an excellent wood
tower design. It is a good idea to form each one
of the two main sides of a tower as they rest
directly on top of one another.
Wood Tower Design Principles
Adhesives
The best wood tower designs require the
sparing use of glue and other liquid adhesives.
Many competitions require you to have your
tower weighed, and excessive glue adds a
considerable amount of additional mass to a
tower. Do not use glue to fill gaps, and make
sure all measurements are exact.
Wood Tower Design Principles
Tensile Strength
Pre-tests are important in determining good balsa
wood tower designs. Strips differ in weightbearing strengths, or tensile strengths, and it is
important to group similar pieces together. During
the final assembly of the tower, the strongest
pieces will be most suitable for the longest parts
of the structure, while weaker pieces better
support shorter portions.
How much did you
learn this year?