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Transcript
Surrender • On April 8, 1865, General Lee surrendered his army at the Appomattox Court House • Civil War is over Reconstruction • The rebuilding and healing of the country after the war • A plan to reunite the country as quickly as possible Reconstruction • President Lincoln came up with a plan: – Former Confederate states: 10% of the citizens must swear loyalty to the United States – Representatives from that state would then be sent to Congress and the state would become a part of the U.S. again Reconstruction • Congress did not agree with President Lincoln – They wanted HALF of the citizens to swear loyalty – President Lincoln did not sign the plan into law South in Ruins • The Civil War destroyed the South • White southerners were angry and resentful – No desire to treat freedmen as equals • “My shoes are gone, my clothes are almost gone. I’m sick. I’m weary. My family have been killed or scattered.” –Confederate General Assassination • The murder of a political or government leader • On April 14, 1865, President Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth as he watched a play at Ford’s Theater • He died early the next day Andrew Johnson • Andrew Johnson was quickly sworn into office after President Lincoln died • Johnson blamed the war on wealthy southerners (had tricked poor farmers) – Did NOT believe that blacks should have equal rights • Continued Lincoln’s easy plan and pardoned hundreds of former Confederates Andrew Johnson • Declared secession illegal • Passed the 13th Amendment to the Constitution – Abolished slavery forever Andrew Johnson • Allowed elections to take place in the South, but only whites could vote • Former Confederates took control again and created Black Codes – Laws that denied African Americans many civil rights Black Codes • Black codes took away freedmen’s civil rights – Hoped to return them to slavery – Not allowed to vote – To travel, had to receive permission from white employer – Had to receive permission from a judge to work any other job besides a farmer – Violence broke out throughout the South Freedmen’s Bureau • Congress formed the Freedmen’s Bureau in March, 1865 – Opened offices throughout the South – Gave clothes, food, and medicine to Freedmen – Established schools and offices • Freedmen now became legally married and searched for lost loved ones • 4,000,000 slaves were freed! Freedmen’s Bureau • Northerners were outraged by the Black Codes • Congress wanted power to defend blacks against the Black Codes – President Johnson VETOED the bill! • Wanted each state to make their own decisions The Freedmen’s Bureau http://safeshare.tv/w/fBFmkFxdfS Congress • Congress continued to push for equal rights and had enough votes to override Johnson’s veto – Johnson claimed that Congress was filled with traitors! • June, 1866, the 14th Amendment was passed – Gave African American’s citizenship and said that states had to provide equal protection for all First Reconstruction Act • Congress took over and changed everything • Passed the First Reconstruction Act – Disbanded all southern state governments – New elections would take place • Ex-Confederates could NOT vote! • Union soldiers marched in the South to keep peace Congress in Charge • Sixteen African Americans were elected to the US Congress • Reforms: – First public schools established in the South – Taxes spread evenly among poor and rich Congress in Charge – Congress tried to impeach Andrew Johnson, but one vote saved him • Impeachment: bringing of charges against an elected official Carpetbaggers • Many northerners moved South to start businesses – Called carpetbaggers (“Yankee invaders”) • Southerners said that carpetbaggers made money off of the misery of the South – Southerners who worked with carpetbaggers were called scalawags (traitors) Sharecroppers • Poor blacks and whites in the South became sharecroppers – System of farming where farmers rent land and pay the landowner with a share of the crops – http://www.phschool.com/atschool/ca lifornia/webcodes/history_interactive/ myp-5127/common_player.html 15th Amendment • In 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was passed – Guaranteed all men the right to vote Reconstruction Ends • In 1877, Union soldiers left the South • Reconstruction Success: – Public school system established – Industries expanded Reconstruction Ends • Reconstruction Failure: – White Southerners gained control of the South again and Jim Crow laws were passed • Laws that enforced segregation, or separation of blacks and whites • Endured racism, poverty, and segregation until the 1950’s Ku Klux Klan (KKK) • KKK was formed to drive out Republicans, return blacks to a state of slavery, and return southern whites to power – Members dressed in white robes and masks to conceal their identity Reconstruction Video http://safeshare.tv/w/uYRjMovHNI Terms of Use • Thank you for downloading this product! 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