Download Box Jellyfish or sea wasp (Chironex fleckeri) - EOILeganes

The Ten Most Poisonous
Animals in the World
Poisonous and venomous
animals
• Poison: toxic substance
•
distributed through the
tissues of the animal, so in a
poisonous animal the whole
body, of large parts of it, is
toxic.
Typical poisonous animals are
frogs and jellyfishes.
• Venom: toxic substance
•
produced and stored by a
very specific set of organs,
and delivered by stinging or
biting.
Typical venomous animals are
spiders and snakes.
So poisonous animals are passive killers,
while venomous animals are active killers
Why do animals have venoms?
The two most important reasons that animals have venom are:
• Prey immobilization
• Defense
How do animals venoms act?
Venoms and poisons have similar actions in very different
animals; their principals effects are:
•
Neuromuscular blockage, failure of respiration and therefore
death of the victim.
•
Blood coagulation inhibition, which is typical in snakes, so
that, the victim dies because have and internal bleeding.
Venomous or poisonous animals,
causing internal bleeding or
neuromuscular blockage,
they are all really dangerous
Please, look closely at each photo,
because next time you meet this
animals can be the last thing you
ever see
Poison Dart Frog
(Dendrobates leucomelas)
• This beautiful and colorful
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amphibian is probably the most
poisonous animal on earth; and the
most among de vertebrates.
Its body has enough venom to kill 10
adult humans.
Poison dart frogs keep their poison
in their skins, so they are able to kill
anybody who touches or eats them.
They are called “dart frogs” because
indigenous Amerindians’ from south
America use of their toxic secretions
to poison the tips of their blowdarts.
Their habitats are the forests of
Central and South America.
Box Jellyfish or Sea Wasp
(Chironex fleckeri)
• This Cnidarian's the world most
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venomous aquatic animal.
Its venom is among the most
deadly in the world, it cans kill an
adult human in less than 15
minutes.
This jelly sting is so painful, that
human victims go in shock or die
of heart failure before even
reaching shore.
Wearing panty hose while
swimming is the best prevention
measure, since it can prevent
jellies from being able to harm
your legs.
Jelly box can be found in the sea
waters around Asia and Australia.
Stonefish
(Synanceia horrida)
• This horrible fish is the world most
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venomous fish.
Its venom causes such a severe pain
that the victims of its sting want the
affected limb to be amputated. It is
described as the worst pain known
to man. If not given medical
attention within a couple of hours It
can be fatal to humans.
Stonefish stores its toxins in
gruesome-looking spines that are
designed to hurt their predators.
Stonefishes live in the tropical
marine waters of the Pacific and
Indian oceans, ranging from the Red
Sea to the Queensland Great Barrier
Reef.
Brazilian Wandering Spider
(Phoneutria nigriventer)
• This arachnid appears in the Guinness
Book of World Records 2007 for the most
venomous and dangerous spider.
• Its venom is the most potent neurotoxin
known; only 3 g of it are able to kill 300
mouses.
• Its venomous bite frequently cause
uncomfortable erections lasting for many
hours that lead to impotence, if the man
is able to survive.
• They usually live in banana trees, so
when recollectors pick up bananas can be
easily bitten by this aggressive inquilines;
but they are also too much dangerous
because of their wandering nature,
frequently go to the villages and hide
inside houses, clothes, boots and cars.
Blue-Ringed Octopus
(Hapalochlaena lunulata)
• This is a very small cephalopod, but
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its venom is so powerful that can kill
26 adult humans within minutes,
and there is no antidote.
They are currently recognized as one
of the world’s most venomous
animals.
Its bite is painless and seem even
harmless, but the deadly
neurotoxins act immediately
resulting in muscular weakness,
numbness, followed by respiration
failure and ultimately death.
They can be found in tide pools in
the Pacific Ocean, from Japan to
Australia.
Marbled Cone Snail
(Conus marmoreus)
• This gastropod is a very beautiful but
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deadly snail, one drop of its venom is
so powerful that it can kill more than
20 humans; and there is no antivenin.
These snails are carnivorous; and they
catch preys firing a barbed weapon,
filled with venom, from their mouth
towards prey; when the prey is struck
and paralyzed the harpoon is
retracted into the mouth with the
victim. The force of the harpoon
injection is such that it has the ability
to pierce a wetsuit.
They are often found in warm salt
water, as tropical ones.
Inland Taipan
(Oxyuranus microlepidotus)
• This reptile is the world's most
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venomous terrestrial snake.
Just a single bite from this snake
contains enough venom to kill 100
human adults; so this venom is at
least 200 – 400 times more toxic
than a common cobra.
Fortunately this snake doesn’t cause
too many deaths because it is very
shy and there is an antivenin.
The Inland Taipan lives in Australia.
Death Stalker Scorpion
(Leiurus quinquestriatus)
• This arachnid is the most dangerous
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specie of scorpions because its
venom is a powerful cocktail of
neurotoxins which causes an intense
pain, then fever, followed by coma,
convulsions, paralysis and death.
Curiously one component of the
deathstalker's venom (chlorotoxin)
has shown potential for treating
human brain tumors; and there are
some others components of the
venom that may aid in the regulation
of insulin, and could be used to treat
diabetes.
Death stalker scorpions are spread in
North Africa.
Puffer Fish
(Lagocephalus sp)
• Puffer Fish are the second most
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poisonous vertebrate on earth (after
the golden dart Frog).
The meat of some species is a
delicacy in Japan, but the problem is
that the skin and certain organs of
puffer fishes are very poisonous; and
produce rapid and violent death.
Most of the victims die after four to
24 hours. There is no known
antidote.
Most deaths from this puffy fish
happen when untrained people
catch and prepare the fish. Since
puffer fish’s poison can cause near
instantaneous death, only licensed
chefs are allowed to prepare it.
Hooded Pitohui
(Pitohui dichrous)
• The hooded pitohuis are brightly
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colored songbirds, with black and
orange plumage.
Their skin and feathers contain
powerful neurotoxic alkaloids, very
similar to whose found in poison dart
frog, but less lethal.
They are the only known venomous
birds in the world and they use their
venom as a chemical defense.
Their venom causes effects in those
touching the bird predators and can
cause death in few minutes.
They are endemic form New Guinea.