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Stalin’s Five Years Plans
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First Five Year Plan - 1928-1932
Second Five Year Plan - 1933-1937
Third Five Year Plan - 1938-1941
Fourth Five Year Plan – 1946-1950
Fifth Five Year Plan - 1951-1955
COLLECTIVIZATION AND RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION
• Aim to erase all traces of the capitalism that had entered under
the New Economic Policy
• To transform the Soviet Union as quickly as possible, into an
industrialized and completely socialist state
• Many new industrial centers were developed
• With the greatest share of investment put into heavy industry,
widespread shortages of consumer goods occurred
• Forced collectivization of the remaining peasants, which was
often fiercely resisted, resulted in a disastrous disruption of
agricultural productivity and a catastrophic famine in 1932-33.
• Forced collectivization helped achieve Stalin's goal of rapid
industrialization
First Five Year Plan (1928-1932)
• Called for transforming Soviet agriculture from predominantly
individual farms into a system of large state collective farms
• Emphasized on heavy industries (reason was to lay the
foundation of solid industrial growth. )
• Goal were unrealistic
• It was argued that Soviet Russia could be at a risk from the
aggressive capitalist countries on account of its negligible
industrialization.
First Five Year Plans (1928-1932)
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Proved to be a success, with the poor, experiencing an improvement in their
economic status
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Gradually, Stalin introduced the policy of 'collectivization' (meant that
individual land labour was to be consolidated into collective farms )
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Supposed to be a potent solution for the crisis of agricultural distribution
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believed that replacing the individual land and labour with collective farms
would immediately increase food supply for urban population
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Between 1928 and 1940, the number of workers in the transport and
construction industries almost tripled in Russia. Factor output increased, and
Soviet Russia was catapulted into a leading industrial nation.
Second Five Year Plan (1933-1937)
• Started in the year 1933 with a focus on heavy industries.
• Communication network, especially the Railways, was given
priority by Stalin
• Uniformly successful
• The standard of living deteriorated
• Women were asked to be a part of the plan as well.
Third Five Year Plan (1938-1941)
• The period where Soviet Russia entered the
Second World War.
• In terms of the fulfilment of proclaimed
production goals, initially, this plan was a
disappointment.
• However, the industrial growth rate of the
economy during the 1930s was still going strong
at 12% to 13%. And this continued even after
the Second World War.
Fourth and Fifth Five Year Plan - 1946-1950
and 1951-1955
• Stalin’s focus was mainly on reconstruction due to Russia’s huge
lost of economy in the Second World World.
• Despite it, Stalin promised that Russia would lead the world in
industrial development by 1960.
• Stalin's Russia had no alternative but to ask the USA for a
reconstruction aid. However, the disagreement on the terms of
reconstruction aid led to the Cold War later.
• Stalin managed to get reparations from Germany
• A few East European countries were also asked for aid in
exchange for the help that Russia gave them for liberation from
Nazi atrocities.