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Stalin’s Five Years Plans • • • • • First Five Year Plan - 1928-1932 Second Five Year Plan - 1933-1937 Third Five Year Plan - 1938-1941 Fourth Five Year Plan – 1946-1950 Fifth Five Year Plan - 1951-1955 COLLECTIVIZATION AND RAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION • Aim to erase all traces of the capitalism that had entered under the New Economic Policy • To transform the Soviet Union as quickly as possible, into an industrialized and completely socialist state • Many new industrial centers were developed • With the greatest share of investment put into heavy industry, widespread shortages of consumer goods occurred • Forced collectivization of the remaining peasants, which was often fiercely resisted, resulted in a disastrous disruption of agricultural productivity and a catastrophic famine in 1932-33. • Forced collectivization helped achieve Stalin's goal of rapid industrialization First Five Year Plan (1928-1932) • Called for transforming Soviet agriculture from predominantly individual farms into a system of large state collective farms • Emphasized on heavy industries (reason was to lay the foundation of solid industrial growth. ) • Goal were unrealistic • It was argued that Soviet Russia could be at a risk from the aggressive capitalist countries on account of its negligible industrialization. First Five Year Plans (1928-1932) • Proved to be a success, with the poor, experiencing an improvement in their economic status • Gradually, Stalin introduced the policy of 'collectivization' (meant that individual land labour was to be consolidated into collective farms ) • Supposed to be a potent solution for the crisis of agricultural distribution • believed that replacing the individual land and labour with collective farms would immediately increase food supply for urban population • Between 1928 and 1940, the number of workers in the transport and construction industries almost tripled in Russia. Factor output increased, and Soviet Russia was catapulted into a leading industrial nation. Second Five Year Plan (1933-1937) • Started in the year 1933 with a focus on heavy industries. • Communication network, especially the Railways, was given priority by Stalin • Uniformly successful • The standard of living deteriorated • Women were asked to be a part of the plan as well. Third Five Year Plan (1938-1941) • The period where Soviet Russia entered the Second World War. • In terms of the fulfilment of proclaimed production goals, initially, this plan was a disappointment. • However, the industrial growth rate of the economy during the 1930s was still going strong at 12% to 13%. And this continued even after the Second World War. Fourth and Fifth Five Year Plan - 1946-1950 and 1951-1955 • Stalin’s focus was mainly on reconstruction due to Russia’s huge lost of economy in the Second World World. • Despite it, Stalin promised that Russia would lead the world in industrial development by 1960. • Stalin's Russia had no alternative but to ask the USA for a reconstruction aid. However, the disagreement on the terms of reconstruction aid led to the Cold War later. • Stalin managed to get reparations from Germany • A few East European countries were also asked for aid in exchange for the help that Russia gave them for liberation from Nazi atrocities.