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Pearl Harbor Chapter 24, Section 4 The United States Chooses Neutrality • FDR was more concerned with domestic affairs than international affairs on the eve of World War II • Congress passed the Neutrality Acts • These prevented the US from selling arms even to nations that were trying to defend themselves from aggression • FDR didn’t agree with the Acts American Involvement Grows • FDR looked for ways to send aid to the Allies • We now could lend weapons to Britain and France, but not money • US gets more involved once France falls • America First Committee forms in response to increase US involvement in the war • “Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars.” – FDR, 1940 Lend-Lease • FDR wins third election • Britain is reaching bankruptcy and Prime Minister Churchill looks to the US for help • Lend-Lease Act is passed – “If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you don’t sell him a hose. You lend it to him and take it back after the fire is out.” – FDR • By the end of the war, the US had loaned or given away more than $49 billion worth of aid to some 40 nations!!! Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor • FDR began limiting what Japan could buy from the US – placed a trade embargo on Japan • He ended the sale of scrap iron and steel • He froze Japanese financial assets in the US • He cut off all oil shipments • All of this was to stop Japan’s expansion in the Pacific, but war seemed inevitable Final Weeks of Peace • General Tojo Hideki became prime minister of Japan and supported a war against the US • US code breakers knew an attack was coming from Japan, but they didn’t know when or where • Pearl Harbor on the Hawaiian island of Oahu was the target and served as the home of the US Pacific Fleet • Japan wanted to cripple the American fleet and conquer Asia before the US could rebuild its fleet and fight back The Attack • “A date which will live in infamy.” • December 7, 1941 • Half of the US Pacific Fleet was anchored at Pearl Harbor • In less than 2 hours, 2400 Americans were killed and 1200 wounded. • About 200 American warplanes were damaged or destroyed; 18 warships had been sunk or damaged, including 8 of the fleets’ 9 battleships • Japan lost only 29 planes US Declares War • FDR asks Congress to pass a war resolution against Japan • Unanimous vote • Germany and Italy declare war on the US • WWII for the US officially begins