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STAAR Review Era’s in American History • Gilded Age:1870s-1900. – Westward Migration (Expansion) • People moving west to settle Oklahoma, Texas, California • Dawes & Homestead Acts. Americanization of Indians. – Industrialization • Big business/Mass production/oil & steel- John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, J.P. Morgan – Urbanization/Immigration • Populating the cities. More Europeans moving to America. – Political Machines • William “Boss” Tweed, corrupt politics, control the votes. • Progressive Era-1890s-1920s – Segregation- Women’s suffrage (19th Amend.) • Jim Crow Laws • 13-15th Amendments- AKA Reconstruction Amends. • NAACP. – Muckrakers- journalists exposing truths • City slums- Jacob Riis, photographer How the Other Half Live. • Food Production- Upton Sinclair, The Jungle. – Presidents include: • William Taft • Theodore Roosevelt (Bull Moose Party) • Woodrow Wilson – Progressivism- to progress the human condition and society in various ways. • US Expansionism: 1880s-1920s – Span-Am. War -1898- Acquires Puerto Rico – Theodore Roosevelt (Rough Riders) • Pres. “Speak softly & carry a big stick” – World War I- 1914-1919 (US Enters 1917) • Zimmerman Telegraph/Lusitania • Trench Warfare- 1st time tanks/planes/machine guns/u-boats. – Chemical weapons, mustard/chlorine gas – “No Mans Land” • Woodrow Wilson Pres. 14 Points- creates League of Nations. • The Roaring 20s: 1920-1929 – Cultural Changes: • Women’s Dress-Flappers • Harlem Renaissance – Music-Jazz Age, Tin Pan Alley • Charles Lindbergh- flies across Atlantic solo • Prohibition- 18th Amendment (alcohol is illegal) • Economic prosperity- use of credit card, stock market speculation. – Presidents: • Warren Harding – A return to normalcy – Teapot Dome Scandal • Calvin Coolidge • Herbert Hoover • The Great Depression/New Deal: 1929-1939 – Causes- stock market crash, Oct. 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), credit spending, poor investment. – Dust Bowl, Hoovervilles/Shantytowns, Bonus Army (veterans want pay, march on Washington) • President Hoover blamed – Franklin D. Roosevelt- New Deal Programs: • Social Security Act, Security & Exchanges Commission (regulates stock market), FDIC • Putting people back to work with programs like, TVA, CCC, AAA • World War II: 1939-1945 – Axis Powers: Italy, Japan, Germany-invades Poland (1939), France(1940) • Mussolini-Fascist, Hitler-Nazi – Allies: G. Britain, Russia, US • Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, FDR – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941- US now involved – The “Final Solution”- The Holocaust, extermination of Jews, genocide. – Atomic Bombs- Hiroshima/Nagasaki – United Nations created- promote world peace • Early Cold War-1945-1955: – Baby Boom – Atomic Weapons-fallout shelters, duck n cover – Yalta Conference-split up Germany • Berlin Wall – Soviet Union v. United States • Arms race- who can make more powerful weapons • Space Race- Sputnik, Russians first in outer space, NASA is created. • Containment, contain communism from spreading • NATO v. Warsaw Pact – Korean War- 1950-1953 • Divided at 38th parallel • Civil Rights Era: 1955-1965 – Rosa Parks- sat on a bus – Martin Luther King- spoke about equality for all. • Peaceful actions, no violence. – Civil Rights Movement- equal rights for all, not just Af. Am. – Brown v. Board of Edu.- outlaws segregation in public schools. – Civil Rights Act of 1964- ends segregation in all public places, equality for all. – 24th Amend. and Voting Rights Act of 1965 lets every vote. • Late Cold War: 1960s-1970s – Bay of Pigs- failed to overthrow Fidel Castro – Cuban Missile Crisis • Kennedy & Khrushchev negotiate peace – Vietnam War: 1965-1975 • • • • Ho Chi Minh-Communist leader of N. Vietnam Started with Johnson, ends with Nixon Tet Offensive First televised war – Watergate Scandal • Where are the tapes? – Carter: Panama Treaty, Camp David Accords • Negotiates Peace in Middle East • Iranian Revolution, Americans held hostage • Modern Era: 1980s-9/11 – Reagan: Reaganomics (supply-side economics) • Iran-Contra Scandal • Afghan war, help fights Russians – Bush, Sr.: Operation Desert Storm (Iraq) – Clinton: NAFTA, Bosnia (ethnic cleansing) • Family & Medical Leave Act – Bush, Jr.: Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks • Osama Bin Laden, war in Afghanistan • USA Patriot Act, Homeland Security. – Obama: First Af.-Am. President • American Recovery and Investment Act of 2009