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CHAPTER 13 REVIEW 1. What led the way to new industrial frontiers in the Second Industrial Revolution? A. Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum 2. Who sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic Ocean in 1901? A. Guglielmo Marconi 3. What did the internal combustion engine give rise to? A. Automobiles, airplanes, and improved ocean liners 4. According to Karl Marx, which class of people were oppressed by the middle class? A. The Proletariat 5. Who were the revisionists? A. Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of a more political approach 6. What had trade unions done for the working class by 1914? A. They bettered their living and working conditions 7. Define proletariat. A. The working class 8. What class of people controlled 30 to 40 percent of the wealth in the early 1900s but made up only 5 percent of the population? A. The new elite 9. Who founded the Female Association for the Care of the Poor and the Sick in Hamburg, Germany? A. Amalie Sieveking 10. Who founded the Women’s Social and Political Union? A. Emmaline Pankhurst and her daughters 11. Define the principle of ministerial responsibility. A. The prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not to the executive officer 12. Define Duma A. The Russian legislative assembly created by Nicholas II 13. Identify the Triple Entente A. The alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia 14. Identify the Triple Alliance A. The alliance between Germany, AustriaHungary, and Italy 15. What did Albert Einstein’s special theory of relativity state? A. if all material things disappear out of the universe, time and space would disappear with them 16. Whose discovery of radium changed the world’s view of the atom? A. Marie Curie’s 17. What did symbolists believe about the world? A. That it was a collection of symbols that reflected the true reality, which was the individual mind 18. According to Sigmund Freud how was human behavior determined? A. It is strongly determined by repressed experiences 19. Identify Vincent van Gogh A. He was a postimpressionist painter for whom art was a spiritual experience 20. Define functionalism A. the idea that buildings, like the products of machines, should be useful and lack unnecessary ornamentation 21. What percentage of the European population belonged to the working class in the early 1900s? A. 80% 22. What was one form of Marxist socialism eventually called? A. Communism 23. What did Monet, Renoir, Morisot, and van Gogh have in common? A. They were all impressionist or postimpressionist painters 24. What A. was the Second International? An association of socialist groups 25. Name three (3) things that compulsory elementary education eventually created a demand for? A. Teachers, female colleges, and newspapers 26. Russia opposed Austria-Hungary over the 1908 annexation of what country? A. Bosnia 27. Great Britain had a two party system by 1871. What were the two parties? A. Liberals and conservatives 28. Did scientific discoveries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries increase uncertainty about the universe or lead to a belief in a universe with certainty and precision? A. It increased uncertainty about the universe THE END