Download Term 1 Week 7 - 10 Civics Geography

Coastal Landforms
Coastal Management
• Coastal Management introduction – key terms
and ideas
• Geographic processes related to Coastal
Management
• Coastal landforms
Coastal Management - overview
•
•
•
The geographical processes relevant to coasts
– What are the interactions between natural environment and human elements
of the environment?
• Coastal landforms
• Erosion, transportation and depositional processes
The perceptions of different groups about coastal management
– Who are the different groups who use coasts?
– How do different groups feel about the way coastal environments are
managed?
Individual, group and government responses to coastal management
– What are the different ways that individuals can become involved in coastal
management?
– What groups are involved in managing coasts?
– What are the different responsibilities of the different levels of government?
– How successful have individuals, groups and different levels of government
been at addressing coastal management?
Coastal Management - overview
•
•
Decision-making processes involved in the management of coasts
– Development applications
– Council submissions
– Council meetings
– State legislation
– National initiatives
Management of the issue and the implications for sustainability, social justice and
equity.
– What actions promote
• Sustainability
• Social justice
• Equity
Sand dune
destabilisation
Pollution
Coastal
developments
Erosion
Introduced
species
COASTAL MANAGEMENT ISSUES
Recreational uses
Water quality
Access to the beach
Coastal Landforms
There are a variety of different types of coastal
landforms. These include:
Beaches
Barrier islands
Bay barriers
Capes
Arches
Bays
Deltas
Ridges and runnels
Barrier spits
Tombolos
Cliffs
Stacks
Estuaries
Reefs
Landforms - beaches
A beach is an area of
sediment accumulation
(usually sand) exposed
to wave action along
the coast. Beaches
extend from the low
tide level inland to
dunes, cliffs, or forests.
Landforms – Barrier Islands
• Narrow offshore sand ridges form barrier
islands that protect the coast from waves.
Landforms: Bay barriers
Continuous barrier beaches that close off the
entrance to a bay. In the upper
Landforms: Barrier spits
Beaches that are attached at one end to their
source of sediment.
Landforms: Tombolo
A tombolo is when a spit of sand grows
outward from the shore, eventually
connecting an island to the mainland. The
long, narrow strip of sand is called a tombolo.
Landforms: Capes
Capes are barrier islands that project into the
open sea to form a right angle shoreline.
Landforms: Sea Islands
Sea islands: these are islands created by the
flooding of the mainland by sea level rise.
Landforms: Sea cliffs
Sea cliffs are created by mass wasting as
waves undercut a steep shoreline slope. Along
a submerging, steep, rocky coastline
irregularities in the shoreline will cause waves
to refract and focus at shoreline
promontories. These are cut back and along
the sides by erosion. Eventually such
promontories thin and leave erosional
remnants called sea
Landforms: Sea cliffs
Landforms: Bays
Bays are indentations in the shoreline that
form pockets of sheltered sea. Again, many
Coastal landforms: Estuaries
An estuary is a coastal wetland where
freshwater from runoff and saltwater from
tides mix. Most large rivers do not empty
abruptly into the sea. Instead, they merge
with the
Landforms: Coral Reefs
A reef is an organic buildup of carbonate
material found fringing parts of the shoreline
in the tropics.