Download Lecture 13 Slides - KFUPM Faculty List

6
THE SYSTEM
UNIT
6-2
Competencies
Describe the function of the system clock,
expansion slots, boards, and bus lines
Discuss ports, cables, and power supply
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6-3
System Clock
Important measurement indicating speed
Located on a small chip
Produces electrical beats
Synchronizes operations
Expressed in gigahertz
Faster clock speed, faster computer
What is a gigahertz?
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6-4
System Clock
Controls speed and synchronizes operations
Expressed in megahertz
Faster the clock speed, the faster the computer
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6-5
Expansion Slots and Cards
Allow for new devices to be added
Open architecture
Slots provide for expansion
Expansion cards are also called …
Plug-in boards
Controller cards
Adapter cards
Interface cards
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6-6
Section D
.. Expansion Slots and Cards
Expansion slot - long, narrow socket on the
motherboard into which you can plug an expansion
card
Graphics card (for connecting monitor)
Modem (for transmitting data over phone or cable lines)
Sound card (for connecting speakers)
Expansion card - small circuit board that provides
computer with ability to control storage, input or
output device
Most computers have 4 - 8 expansion slots
Page 88-89
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6-7
Page 88
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6-8
PC Cards
Do notebook computers also contain
expansion slots?
Most notebook computers are equipped with a
special type of external slot called a PCMCIA
slot (personal computer memory card
international association)
Typically a notebook only has one slot, but the
slot can hold more than one PC card (PCMCIA
expansion cards)
Page 90
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6-9
PC card
Page 90
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6-10
Commonly Used Expansion Cards
Video cards
Modem cards
Network interface cards (NIC)
TV tuner cards
PC cards
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6-11
Installing a New Expansion Card
Internal devices
Tools required
Screwdriver
Directions
Before installing
Unplug the computer
Ground yourself
Installing
Follow the directions
Page 92
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6-12
.. Installing a New Expansion Card
Some devices require software, called a device
driver
The device driver sets up communication
between your computer and the device
Normally, disk or CD used only once
Today’s PCs include Plug and Play (PnP) that
automatically takes care of these technical
details
Page 92
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6-13
Installing a New Expansion Card
For installing a new device, following setup is
needed:
Inserting the device card into the matching slot
Installing the device driver program for the device
Configure the system (tedious step, requires
sufficient technical background)
“Plug and Play” is a new technology for
making the device installation procedure much
faster and easier.
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6-14
“Plug and Play”
Hardware and software standards
Makes system expansion easy for
the user
Automatically installs drivers and
system configuration
System unit recognizes the new
device
A plug-n-play card requires
the user to:
•Switch off the system
•Insert the card
•Open the system
again.
•System automatically
configure itself for the
newly installed device
-User is asked for the
latest device driver.
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6-15
Bus Lines
Connect parts of the CPU to each other
Data roadway for traveling bits
Measured as bus width
More lanes, faster traffic
Two basic categories
System buses
Expansion buses
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Chapter
6-16
Section D Input and Output Devices
2
Expansion slots, cards and ports: How does a
computer get data from RAM to a peripheral
device?
Data Bus carries data from one component to
another
I/O (computer jargon for input/output) refers to
collecting data and transporting results.
Expansion bus - the segment of the data bus that
transports data between RAM and peripheral
devices
Page 88
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6-17
Types of Expansion Buses
Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)
Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)
Advanced Graphic Port (AGP)
Universal serial bus (USB)
FireWire buses
HPSB – high performance serial bus
Used with digital
camcorders & video editing software
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6-18
… Types of Expansion Buses
The microcomputer motherboard typically has
up to three types of expansion slots:
ISA - older technology, modems and slow devices
PCI - for graphics, sound, video, modem or network
cards
AGP - for graphics cards
Expansion cards are built for only one type of
slot
Page 89
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6-19
AGP slot
ISA slot
PCI slot
Page 89
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6-20
ISA Bus
Developed by IBM for personal computers
Slow
Originally 8 bit, later expanded to 16 bit
Still used by some expansion cards
Replaced by PCI bus in the near future
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6-21
PCI Bus
Originally developed to meet demands of graphical
user interfaces
High speed
32 bit or 64 bit
Widely used to connect CPU, memory, and
expansion cards
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6-22
AGP Bus
Dedicated bus for acceleration of graphics
performance
Replacing the PCI bus for transfer of video data
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6-23
Other Bus Types
USB
Connects directly to the PCI bus on the
motherboard
Supports external devices without inserting
expansion cards for each device
HPSB
FireWire
Similar to USB but faster
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6-24
Expansion Ports
To connect a peripheral device to an expansion
card, you plug a cable from the device into the
expansion port
Expansion port - any connector that passes data
in and out of a computer or peripheral device
Page 90
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6-25
Power plug socket
Keyboard port
Mouse port
USB ports
DB-9 serial port
Parallel port
(printer)
Speaker and
microphone jacks
Monitor port
Modem port
Network port
Page 90
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6-26
Ports
Socket for connecting external devices
Four common ports
Serial
Parallel
USB
FireWire
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6-27
Serial & Parallel Ports
Serial Port
Data sent one bit at a time
Good long distance transmission of data
Parallel Port
Data sent 8 bits simultaneously
Used for short distances
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6-28
USB and HPSB Ports
USB Port
Replacing serial and parallel ports
Faster
Each port can support
more than one device
HPSB Port
FireWire ports
Faster then USB ports
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6-29
What’s the best port to use for connecting
peripheral devices?
USB port
Most popular port
Most computers feature at least 2 USB ports
USB devices
Mouse
Scanner
Printer
Joystick
Windows automatically recognizes USB devices
Page 91
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6-30
Cables
Connect Input/Output
devices
Mouse
Keyboard
Printer
Monitor
Newer cables
AGP
graphics monitor
USB
joy stick; scanner
HPSB
video camera
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6-31
Major types of expansion cables
Page 90-91
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6-32
Power Supply
Computers require direct current (DC)
DC power provided by converting alternating
current (AC) from wall outlets or batteries
Desktop computers use power supply units
Notebooks and handhelds use AC adapters
Power Supply
Unit
AC adapter
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6-33
Look to the Future
Wireless Technology and PDAs
Personal wearable computer
POMA®
Wireless pointing device, head
mounted display
Developed by Xybernaut
Corporation
Currently being evaluated for use in
airport security
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