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Potential Versus Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Energy of position Stored in chemical bonds Kinetic Energy Energy of motion Released when chemical bonds are broken Plankton versus Nekton Plankton Weak swimmers Ride the ocean currents Nekton Strong swimmers Can swim against the currents Plankton Arrow worm Copepod Cyanobacteria (P/S) Fish eggs Phytoplankton: What are they? Organisms in the water column that are capable of photosynthesis Diatoms • Important Primary Producers Dinoflagellates • Red Tides Zooplankton Chaetognaths or arrow worms Copepods Zooplankton Cnidarians – “True Jellyfish” Water or H2O Hydrogen Bonds? Weak attraction between polar molecules Liquid Water versus Water Vapor As temperature increases the rate of molecular movement? increases Density = Density of Water Warm Water Cold Water Weight Volume The same number of molecules. The molecules are closer together and occupy less space. Density = Weight Volume Warm Water Warm Water A The number of water molecules in A and B is the same. The weight of A and B are the same Which is denser, A or B? Why? Cold Water B “B” or the cold water is denser since it weighs the same “A” but the molecules occupy less space Factors That Effect Density As temperature increases, density? decreases As salinity increases, density increases (due to the addition of more dissolved material) The Pycnocline A zone of rapidly changing ? Density The Thermocline A zone of? Rapidly changing temperature Note there is no thermocline at high latitudes since the surface water remains cold year round Thermocline Pycnocline The Three-Layered Ocean Thermocline Add the arrows in your diagram Warm thin surface layer The main thermocline is in the intermediate layer Solution = Solute + Solvent Solute =? Solvent = ? “ Stuff” to be dissolved What you dissolve “stuff” in Water: The Universal Solvent What is the percentage of Solute in: 1. Solution A? 10% 2. Solution B? 20% What is the percentage of Solvent in 1. Solution A? 90% 2. Solution B? 80% The Earth Rotates to the East One revolution every? 24 hours The Earth is widest at The equator Water at the equator appears to flow west The Coriolis Effect Northern Hemisphere Objects deflected to the? right of their intended direction Southern Hemisphere Objects deflected to the? left of their indented direction Hot air rises – Cold air sinks Earth Moon Forces Gravity Pulls ocean toward moon Centrifugal force Opposite of gravity Pushes water away from moon Mixed semidiurnal Semidiurnal Diurnal