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Potential Versus Kinetic Energy

Potential Energy


Energy of position
Stored in chemical
bonds

Kinetic Energy


Energy of motion
Released when
chemical bonds are
broken
Plankton versus Nekton

Plankton


Weak swimmers
Ride the ocean currents

Nekton


Strong swimmers
Can swim against the
currents
Plankton
Arrow worm
Copepod
Cyanobacteria (P/S)
Fish eggs
Phytoplankton: What are they?
Organisms in the water column that are capable of
photosynthesis
Diatoms
• Important Primary Producers
Dinoflagellates
• Red Tides
Zooplankton
Chaetognaths or arrow worms
Copepods
Zooplankton
Cnidarians – “True Jellyfish”
Water or H2O

Hydrogen Bonds?

Weak attraction between
polar molecules
Liquid Water versus Water Vapor

As temperature
increases the rate of
molecular
movement?
increases
Density =
Density of Water
Warm Water
Cold Water
Weight
Volume
The same number of molecules.
The molecules are closer together
and occupy less space.
Density = Weight
Volume
Warm Water
Warm Water
A

The number of water
molecules in A and B is
the same.

The weight of A and B
are the same

Which is denser, A
or B? Why?
Cold Water
B
“B” or the cold water is denser
since it weighs the same “A”
but the molecules occupy less
space
Factors That Effect Density
 As
temperature increases, density?
decreases
 As
salinity increases, density increases
(due to the addition of more dissolved
material)
The Pycnocline

A zone of rapidly
changing ?
Density
The Thermocline

A zone of?
Rapidly changing temperature

Note there is no
thermocline at high
latitudes since the
surface water remains
cold year round
Thermocline
Pycnocline
The Three-Layered Ocean
Thermocline
Add the arrows in your diagram
Warm thin
surface layer
The main thermocline
is in the intermediate
layer
Solution = Solute + Solvent
 Solute
=?
 Solvent = ?

“ Stuff” to be dissolved
What you dissolve “stuff” in
Water: The Universal Solvent
What is the percentage of
Solute in:
1. Solution A? 10%
2. Solution B? 20%
What is the percentage of
Solvent in
1. Solution A? 90%
2. Solution B? 80%
The Earth Rotates to the East

One revolution every?
24 hours

The Earth is widest at
The equator

Water at the equator
appears to flow west
The Coriolis Effect

Northern
Hemisphere

Objects deflected to
the?
right of their intended direction

Southern
Hemisphere

Objects deflected to
the?
left of their indented direction
Hot air rises – Cold air sinks
Earth Moon Forces

Gravity
Pulls ocean toward moon

Centrifugal force

Opposite of gravity
Pushes water away from moon
Mixed semidiurnal
Semidiurnal
Diurnal