Download I. The Cold War

10-1 Vocabulary
Productivity
• Measurement of the amount of work accomplished in a
given time
Human Resources
• Supply of people who can produce goods
Textiles
• Woven cloth
Cottage Industry
• Home or village based industry in which family
members supply their own equipment to make goods
Union
• Labor organization that negotiates for improved worker
conditions and pay
10-1 Vocabulary
Strike
• Refusal to work, usually by a labor organization, until
demands are met
Imperialism
• System of building foreign empires for military and
trade advantages
Alliances
• Political agreement between countries to support each
other in disputes with other countries
Communism
• Economic, political, and social system based on the
teachings of Karl Marx, which advocated the elimination
of private property
10-1 Vocabulary
Holocaust
• Systematic murder by Adolf Hitler and his followers of
more than 12 million people, including 6 million
European Jews, during WWII
Genocide
• Mass murder of people because of their race, religion,
ethnicity, politics, or culture
10-2 Vocabulary
Cold War
• Conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union dating
from the late 1940s to the late 1980s, when the two
superpowers competed for world influence without
declared military action at each other
Nuclear Weapon
• Weapon whose destructive power comes from an
uncontrolled nuclear reaction
Deterrence
• Maintenance of military power for the purpose of
discouraging an attack
Satellite Nation
• Nation politically and economically dominated or
controlled by another more powerful country
10-2 Vocabulary
Blockade
• To forcibly prevent entry into an area
Airlift
• System of carrying supplies by aircraft
Glasnost
• Russian policy of “openness” which permitted Soviet
people to criticize the government without punishment
Perestroika
• Soviet policy that loosened government controls and
permitted its economy to move towards capitalism
Capitalism
• Economic system that allows private ownership and
open competition of businesses
Chapter 5 Notes The Modern Era
I. A Rapidly Changing World
Industrial Revolution” began and allowed
A. In the 1700’s the “____________
people to use machinery and new methods to increase productivity.
B. The “Industrial Revolution” happened as a result of Britain’s large
human resources
supply of natural resources, raw materials, and _______________.
Textiles
C. _____________
were the first major industry.
II. Changing Lifestyles
A. Industrial workers worked long hours and in dangerous
_________ conditions.
B. Workers then formed _________
unions
that bargained for better
conditions.
better
C. The Industrial Revolution resulted in __________
living conditions
and stronger economies for countries.
III. Rivalry Between Nations
imperialism European countries claimed colonies in
A. Under _____________,
Asia and Africa in the late 1800’s
WWI
B. __________
broke out in Europe in 1914 and as a result many
once-strong countries became weak. The U.S. and Japan became
great powers.
Revolution led to the system of communism.
C. In 1917, the Russian __________
D. In the 1930’s, worldwide depression and problems that were not
solved led to _________.
WWII
U.S. emerged as world powers.
E. After WWII, the Soviet Union and ____
Chapter 5 (A Continent Divided)
I. The Cold War
A. The global competition between democratic U.S. and Communist
Cold War
Soviet Union to spread its ideas was known as the _____________.
nuclear
B. Both sides had a large amount of ___________
weapons.
C. The U.S. lent money to help rebuild Europe, and to stop the spread
of communism (___________
Marshall
Plan).
II. West European Nations Cooperate
Truman
A. In 1948, the ___________
Doctrine offered military aid to those
who were fighting communism inside their borders.
NATO
B. In 1949, __________
was formed to respond to possible attacks by
the Soviet Union. All agreed to help one another if attacked.
III. The Soviet Community
satellite
A. In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union made ___________
nations
of these countries.
B. In 1955, the Soviet Union formed its satellites into an alliance
Warsaw
known as the ___________
Pact.
IV. A Clash Between the Superpowers
Berlin
A. In 1948, the Soviet Union blockaded, closed off _________
which
created much tension.
B. Two separate governments were also set up in Germany, W.
Germany (____________)
democratic
and E. Germany (_____________)
communist
C. The city of Berlin was divided by two which the Soviet Union
created the __________
Berlin Wall to prevent people from leaving E.
Berlin.
V. The End of the Cold War
Gorbachev introduce reforms to stimulate
A. In 1985, Mikhail ____________,
the economy.
B. In the late 1980’s the Soviet Union moved towards capitalism and
______________
democracy
and as a result their satellites became
independent.
Chapter 5 Notes (Moving Toward Unity)
I. The End of the Soviet Union
A. Protests in E. Germany led to the Berlin Wall coming down and
reunification
the _______________
of Germany in 1990.
broke up into 15 new countries.
B. In 1991, Soviet Union ________
II. The New Europe
A. Today, _________
Europe is becoming an economic power.
B. Some Europeans would like to see the European ____________
Union
become the United States of Europe.
C. In 2002, most of the EU’s members use the same currency, the
__________.
Euro
D. Some of the ___________
problems that the EU is trying to solve is the
income gap, population growth, and environmental issues.