Download AVR Microcontroller

AVR Microcontrollers
Prepared By:
Disha Ruparelia (130810111004)
Pooja Patel
(130810111007)
Krupa Rajdev
(130810111009)
Misari Thakkar (130810111012)
Rohit Sutariya (140813111014)
Guided By:
Mihir Patel
Topics
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Introduction to AVRs
AVR Architecture & Instruction Set
Focus on Atmega128 AVR
AVR Programming
Why Microcontroller?
Purpose
?
Microcontroller
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Microcontrollers are important part of
Embedded systems
•
To understand Structure & working of
Microcontrollers
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For Designing good Embedded system
complete understanding of
microcontrollers
required
Microcontroller
Integrated chip that typically contains integrated CPU,
memory (RAM ROM), I/O ports on a single Chip.
System on a single Chip
Designed to execute a specific task to control a single
system
Smaller & Specified (design cost)
Differs from Microprocessor
general-purpose chip
Used to design multi purpose computers or devices
Require Multiple chips to to handle various tasks
AVR Microcontroller
AVR stand for?
Advanced Virtual RISC,
the founders are Alf Egil Bogen Vegard Wollan RISC
AVR architecture was conceived by two students at
Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH)[1] and further
refined and developed at Atmel Norway, the Atmel
company founded by the two chip architects.
AVR Microcontroller
AVR Micro controllers is Family of
RISC Microcontrollers from Atmel.
There are multiple architectures
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer)
RISC Microcontroller
Reduced Introduction Set Computer
Till 1980 Trend was to build increasingly complex
CPUs with complex set of instructions like (CISC)
(RISC)
Instruction execute in single cycle
“Architecture which reduces the chip complexity by
simpler processing instructions”.
RISC architecture CPUs capable of executing only a very limited
(simple) set of instructions.
RISC Microcontroller
CISC Approach
Complete the task in few assembly line code
TASK multiply 2:3, 5:2 locations numbers
and put output in 5:2 location
Command:
MULT 2:3, 5:2
MULT is what is known as a "complex instruction."
Instruction does`t complete in one cycle execution.
Processor hardware that is capable of understanding
and executing a series of operations.
RISC Microcontroller
RISC Approach
RISC processors only use simple instructions
that can be executed within one clock cycle.
"MULT" command divided into three separate
commands:
LOAD A, 2:3
LOAD B, 5:2
PROD A, B
STORE 2:3, A
Single Cycle Execution
RISC Microcontroller
Reduced Instruction Set Computers Advantages
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Fast Execution of Instructions due to simple instructions
for CPU.
RISC chips require fewer transistors, which makes them
cheaper to design and produce.
Emphasis on software
Single-clock,reduced instruction only
Register to register: “LOAD" and "STORE“
are independent instructions
Spends more transistors on memory registers
AVR Microcontroller
The AVR is a Harvard architecture CPU.
Harvard Architecture
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Computer architectures that used physically
separate storage and signal pathways for their
instructions and data.
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CPU can read both an instruction and data from
memory at the same time that makes it faster.
von Neumann architecture
CPU can Read an instruction or data from/to the memory.
Read, Write can`t occur at the same time due to same
memory and signal pathway for data and instructions.
AVR Microcontroller
Harvard Architecture
Harvard Architecture diagram
AVR Microcontroller
A series of 8-bit RISC microcontrollers from Atmel.
All AVR microcontrollers share same instruction set and a
basic CPU (Harvard) architecture.
It has 32 8-Bit general purpose registers.
Mostly instruction Execute in Single clock cycle. Which
makes it faster among 8 bit microcontrollers.
AVR was designed for efficient execution of compiled C
code.
AVR
AT90S2313 Microcontrollers
This is a microcontroller of AVR series from Atmel.
High-performance and Low-power RISC Architecture
It is a low voltage (2.7V - 6V),
high performance CMOS 8-bit micro controller based on the
AVR RISC architecture that already discussed .
Since it is a microcontroller from AVR series ,it is also using
Harvard Architecture that already discussed
AVR Microcontroller
AVR is a family of 8-bit microntrollers with a large range of
variants differing in:
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size of program-memory (flash)
size of EEPROM memory
number of I/O pins
number of on-chip features such as uart and adc
Smallest microconroller is the ATTiny11 with 1k flash ROM,
no RAM and 6 I/O pins.
Large such as the ATMEGA128 with 128k flash, 4KB RAM,
53 I/O pins and lots of on-chip features.
AVR Microcontroller