Download rise of the dictators - Methacton School District

RISE OF THE DICTATORS
• Totalitarism one party
dictatorship regulates every
aspect of the lives of its
citizens
• Terror
–SECRET POLICE
–CENSORSHIP
–NO CAN SPEAK OUT AGAINST
THE GOVERNMENT
• PROPAGANDA
–Movies, schools, factories.
–Messages all about good of the
government
–Evils of west and capitalism
• Nationalism
• Increase of the dedication to ones
country above all else
• Religion
–ATHIESTISM Official religion
• Persecution
–Hebrews
–Islam
–Catholics
–None were spared
• Stalin
• Mussolini
• Hitler
• Franco
FACIST ITALY
• Fascism extreme right winged
ideology based on total control of
people through fear, force and
censorship
• Monarchy in Italy
• Unable to solve problems
• unemployment
• Weak economy
• Benito Mussolini
• Extreme Nationalist
• Formed Fascist Party
• Opposed to communism
• Appealed to upper and middle
class
• Mussolini stressed
• Ownership of private property
• Cooperation between workers and
management
• Return of Rome to glory
(Nationalism)
• Black Shirts Mussolini secret
police
• Waged a violent campaign against
Communists and Socialists
• Used violence as tactic to
suppress oppositions and strikes
• King refused to declare martial
law
• Mussolini was named Premier
Became a dictator
• Appointed Fascists to all positions
in government
• Mussolini quickly
–Banned all political parties
–Suspended all basic liberties
–Kept unions under his control
• Italy became a police state
• Government based on economic
activity
• 22 corporations met to establish
wages and prices
• Italy is now in firm control of
Mussolini and Fascists
Stalin
• Tactics
• Fear
• Eliminated religion
–Seized Orthodox property
–Persecuted religious leaders
• Churches turned into public
buildings
• New Constitution
• APPEARED TO BE
DEMOCRATIC
• Supreme Soviet met twice a year
–Elected Politburo
–Council of Ministers
–Executive and administrative
power
• Real power was held by a few
leaders who were led by Stalin
• Stalin enacted a purge
• Eliminated party members
Who were accused of being against
his policies
• Purged
• Intellectuals
• Army officials
• Union leaders and members
• Purge then expanded to the
general public
• By 1939 5 to 8 million people had
been arrested, deported,
imprisoned in labor camps or
executed by Stalin
• Stalin wanted other countries in
Europe to accept USSR
• Wanted to spread Communism
throughout Europe
Germany
• 1919 Treaty of Versailles
• New government called the
Weimar Republic
• Kaiser had left
• In city of Weimar new
government formed
• The new government was under
pressure because it had to
implement the Versailles Treaty
• It was unpopular in Germany
• The reparation payments caused
severe inflation
• Made German money worthless
• After initial success the
government was ripe for takeover
• Great Depression
• Stock Market Crash of 1929
–Speculation
–Caused panic and run on banks
world wide
–Unemployment was high
• Debts from World War I
• High tariffs on goods hurt trade
• High reparations
• Germany in economic depression
• Unemployment high inflation
• Blamed initially on the Weimar
government
• Unemployment rose from 2 million
in 1930 to 6 million in 1932
• Rival factions tried to control
Germany
• Fascist and Communists
• Beer Hall Putsch
• Led by extremists
• Hitler was involved
• Put on trial
• Used trial as a way to get his
ideas out to public
• Nazi Party
• National Socialist German
Worker Party
• Extremely Nationalistic
• Anti Semitic
• Anti communist
• Promised to protect Germany
from Communism
• Adolph Hitler in prison wrote
Mien Kamph (My Struggle) how
to take power legally
• Stressed Nationalism
• Purity of the Arian race
• (total elimination of the Jews)
• He was a charismatic, great
speaker
• Promised to repeal the Treaty of
Versailles
• Return Germany to power
• In 1925 Nazi party had 25,000
members
• By 1929 180,000 members
• Depression and civil unrest
caused workers to drift to Nazi
message
• Von Hindenburg leader of
Germany old and weak
• Nazi gained seats in Reichstag
slowly and Hitler became leader
• Von Hindenburg appointed Hitler
as chancellor
• 1933 Reichstag burned Hitler
blamed it on the Communists
• Fear of Communism allowed
Hitler to get more power and
became the leader of Germany
and a Dictator
• Took title of Der Fuhrer
• Turned Germany into a Police
state
• Revived economy in early 1930’s
• Government projects
–Roads
–Houses
–Forrest restoration
–Rebuild military and weapons
• Banned unions
• Opposition
• Newspapers
• political parties
• Brown Shirts
• Gestapo Secret Police
• Hitler now went after his Master
Race
• Elimination of Jewish,
handicapped, mentally inferior
• gypsies
• Jews were blamed for all of
Germanys’ problems
• Loss in WWI Treaty of Versailles
• Became Hitler’s scapegoat
• Identified by yellow star
• Hitler called his rule Third Reich
• 1st Holy Roman Empire
nd
• 2 Hohenzollern Empire
rd
• 3 Hitler reign would be for a
thousand years
• 1930 Germany rebuilt military
• 1936 moved into Rhineland
• Violation of Treaty of Versailles
• Britain and Franc ignored
• Not worth going to war over
• Hitler was encourage by apathy
• He formed alliance with fascist
Italy forming the Berlin Axis
• The stage is now set for Germany
to expand and bring the World to
the brink of war.