Download Soil Engineering

PRESENTED BY:
B.E. –CIVIL, SEM- lll
SR.NO.
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NAME
DADHANIYA VISHNU
CHAUHAN RAHUL
DESAI GATHA
JOSLIN JOSE
ENROLLMENT NO.
130060106024
130060106019
130060106044
130060106063
GUIDED BY:- ASS. PROF. ABHISHEK SEVWALA
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BMCET,SURAT.
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CONTENTS:
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Defination of soil
Soil engineering and geotechnical engineering
Scope of soil engineering
Fundamental uses of soil
Areas of work of the consulting
Geotechnical engineer
Limitation of soil engineering
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GEOTECHNICS & APPLIED GEPOLOGY
SUB CODE : 2130606
Defination of Soil:
The Word ‘soil’ is derived from the latin word
‘solium’,which means the upper layer of the earth that
may be dug or plowed, specifically, the loose surface
material of the earth in which plants grow. This
defination of soil is used in the field of agriculture.
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To the geologist,soil is the upper layer of earth’s
crust which can support plants.
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Natural aggregates of mineral grains, loose or
moderately cohesive inorganic or organic in nature that
have the capacity of being separated by means of
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simple mechanical processes.
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To an engineer, soil is the unaggregated or
uncemented deposits of minerals or organic particles
produced by the disintegration of rocks.
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The term soil includes widely different materials
like boulders, sands, gravels, clays and slits, and the
range in the particle sizes in soil may extend from
grains only a fraction of a micron diameter up to large
size boulders.
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• SOIL ENGINEERING AND
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
The term Soil Mechanics was coined by Dr.
Karl Terzaghi in 1925 when his book
Erdbaumechanic on the subject was published in
German.
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Soil Engineering is an applied science
dealing with the applications of principles of soil
mechanics to practical problems. It has much
wider scope than soil mechanics , as it deals with
all engineering problems related with soils.
It inludes,
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Site investigations
 Design and construction of foundations
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Earth retaining structures
 Earth structures etc.
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Geotechnical engineering is a broader
term which includes soi engineering, rock
mechanics and geology.
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• SCOPE OF SOIL ENGINEERING:
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Soil engineering has vast application in the
construction of various civil engineering works.
some of the important applications are as under:
1. Foundation
2. Retaing structures
3. Stability of slopes
4. Underground structures
5. Pavement design
6. Earthen dam
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1.
Foundation :
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Every civil engineering structure, whether it
is building, a bridge or a dam is founded on or
below the surface of the earth. Foundations are
required to transmit the load of the structure of
soil safety and efficiently.
When, d <= b, it is called shallow foundation
When ,d>b , it is called deep foundation
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Where b = width of footing.
d = depth of footing.
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2.
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Retaining structures :
When sufficient space is not available for a
mass of soil to spread and form a safe slope, a
structure is required to ratain the soil.
An earth retaining structure is also required
to keep the soil at different levels on its either
side.
The retaining structure may be a rigid
retaining wall or a sheet like bulkhead which is
relatively flexible.
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3.
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Stability of slopes :
if soil surface is not horizontal, there is a
component of weight of the soil which tends to
move it downloads and that causes instability of
slopes. The slope may be natural or man made.
Fig. shows slopes in filling and cutting.
soil engineering provides the methods for
checking the stability of slopes.
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4.
Underground structures :
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The design and construction of underground
structures, such as tunnels, conduits require
evaluation of forces exerted by the soil on theses
structures.
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The forces are discussed in soil engineering.
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5.
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Pavement design :
A pavement is hard crust placed on soil
subgrade for the purpose of providing a smooth
and strong surface on which vehicles can move.
The pavement consists of surfacing such as
bitumen layer, base and subbase.
The behaviour of subgrade under various
conditions of loading and environmental
changes is studied in soil engineering.
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6.
Earthen dam :
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Earth dams are huge structures in which
soil is used as a construction material.
The earth dams are built for creating water
reservoirs.
Design of earthen dam requiresa knowledge
of soil engineering.
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• FUNDAMENTAL USES OF SOIL :
In Civil Engineering, soil has two
fundamental uses:
a.
As a construction material :
soil is used as a construction material for the
construction of
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Highway embankment
Railway embankment
Earthen dam
Filling in low lying areas
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b.
As foundation :
Every structure,
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Building
Bridge
Highway
Tunnel
Canal
Dam ,is founded in or the surface of the earth.
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• AREAS OF WORK OF THE CONSULTING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER
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The consulting geotechnical engineer works
with soil. His / her concerns originate from the
interests of the civil engineer.
Bearing capacity of soil.
Earth retaining structures .
Flow of watrer through soil.
Soil as a construction material.
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•LIMITATION OF SOIL ENGINEERING
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The limitations of soil engineering are as
under :
The strength and the behaveiour of soil depend
upon pressure ,drainage , environment and
many other factors. These changes must be
considered when dealing with soils
The type of soil changes at different locations.
Thus the results experience vary from one
project to another project.
The most of soil is underground and cannot be
inspected. Thus, adequate soil exploration
should be done to determine the profile of soil
strata
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4.
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The properties of soil like density, pressure,
shear strength, bearing capacity, etc. changes
with depth of soil.
The soil is three phase system, consisting of
solids, water and air. The behaviour of a soil
depends upon the relative proption of the three
phase.
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THANK YOU
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