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MODERN ASTRONOMY Review • 1. Name 4 reasons why ancient civilizations studied the stars and explain their impact on the development of those civilizations. • 2. Explain the contributions of the following Greek scientists to our understanding of universe. (focus on shape of orbits, shape of Earth, and position of Earth) • a. Thales • b. Anaximander • c. Plato and Pythagoras • d. Eudoxus and Aristotle • • • • • 3. Explain the Ptolemaic model. a. Who developed it? b. What is an epicycle? c. What is a deferent? d. What natural observation was it attempting to explain? • • • • • • 4. Explain the Copernican Revolution. a. What was it? b. Who started it? c. What idea was being suggested? d. Why was this idea such a big deal? e. What happened as a result? • 5. Explain Kepler’s contributions to our understanding of the universe. • a. Whose data did he use for his calculations? • b. Which planet did he focus on, why was this a good thing? • c. Describe his 3 laws. • d. What is meant by a planet’s “Period of Revolution”? • e. What is an ellipse? What are foci? • f. If I drew an ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.72, what shape would it look like? • g. In nature, where is the Sun located within a planet’s orbit? • h. The Earth’s orbit has an eccentricity of 0.02. If I drew an ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.07, how could I adjust my tacks to make an ellipse that more closely represents Earth’s? • i. How do you calculate eccentricity? • 6. Explain Galileo’s contribution to our understanding of the universe. • a. What discoveries allowed him to "prove" that the heliocentric model was correct? • b. What instrument did he use to make his observations? • c. What did he think would happen if you dropped 2 balls of different mass? • 8. Explain Newton’s contribution to our understanding of how the universe works. • a. State his 3 laws of motion. • b. State his law of gravity. • c. Complete the following calculations… • i) A car is pushed with a force of 462N, and begins to accelerate at a rate of 3.2m/ s2. What is the mass of the car? • ii) A mass of 90.0kg and a mass of 311kg are positioned such that their centres of mass are 23.5m apart. Calculate the force of gravity between them. • iii) An 88kg astronaut is standing on the moon (g=1.64 m/ s2). Calculate the weight (Fg) of the astronaut. • 9. Explain how Einstein's idea of gravity differs from Newton's and why he felt the need to develop a new model. • 10. Telescopes. • a. What is the difference between refracting and reflecting? • b. Name the main parts of a reflecting telescope. Name the main parts of a refracting telescope. • c. What are the advantages of a reflecting telescope? • d. As telescopes developed, they became increasingly larger? Why? • e. What is the difference between optical and radio telescopes? What are the advantages and disadvantages? • f. What is the big advantage of Space telescopes over land based telescopes? What disadvantage? (Be able to speak about the Hubble telescope as an example) • 10. Space Race • a. Why did the Soviet Union and the United States start the Space Race? • b. What were the 3 goals of the space race? Who won each round? • c. What was the name of the US program that finally put a person on the moon? • d. What long term effects did the space race have on our society? • e. What was the name of the first satellite? When was it launched? • f. Who was the First man in space? First woman? • g. Who were the 3 men involved in the moon landing? When did the landing occur? • 11. Canadian Contributions • A. Who was the first Canadian in space? First Canadian woman? • B. What is the Canadarm? How does it compare to the Canadarm 2? • C. Who was the first Canadian commander of the ISS? How many times was he in space? • D. What are some notable contributions of Canadians to the space race?