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MODERN ASTRONOMY
Review
• 1. Name 4 reasons why ancient
civilizations studied the stars and explain
their impact on the development of those
civilizations.
• 2. Explain the contributions of the following
Greek scientists to our understanding of
universe. (focus on shape of orbits, shape
of Earth, and position of Earth)
• a. Thales
• b. Anaximander
• c. Plato and Pythagoras
• d. Eudoxus and Aristotle
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3. Explain the Ptolemaic model.
a. Who developed it?
b. What is an epicycle?
c. What is a deferent?
d. What natural observation was it
attempting to explain?
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4. Explain the Copernican Revolution.
a. What was it?
b. Who started it?
c. What idea was being suggested?
d. Why was this idea such a big deal?
e. What happened as a result?
• 5. Explain Kepler’s contributions to our understanding of the
universe.
• a. Whose data did he use for his calculations?
• b. Which planet did he focus on, why was this a good thing?
• c. Describe his 3 laws.
• d. What is meant by a planet’s “Period of Revolution”?
• e. What is an ellipse? What are foci?
• f. If I drew an ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.72, what shape would it
look like?
• g. In nature, where is the Sun located within a planet’s orbit?
• h. The Earth’s orbit has an eccentricity of 0.02. If I drew an ellipse
with an eccentricity of 0.07, how could I adjust my tacks to make an
ellipse that more closely represents Earth’s?
• i. How do you calculate eccentricity?
• 6. Explain Galileo’s contribution to our
understanding of the universe.
• a. What discoveries allowed him to "prove"
that the heliocentric model was correct?
• b. What instrument did he use to make his
observations?
• c. What did he think would happen if you
dropped 2 balls of different mass?
• 8. Explain Newton’s contribution to our understanding of
how the universe works.
• a. State his 3 laws of motion.
• b. State his law of gravity.
• c. Complete the following calculations…
• i) A car is pushed with a force of 462N, and begins to
accelerate at a rate of 3.2m/ s2. What is the mass of the
car?
• ii) A mass of 90.0kg and a mass of 311kg are positioned
such that their centres of mass are 23.5m apart.
Calculate the force of gravity between them.
• iii) An 88kg astronaut is standing on the moon (g=1.64
m/ s2). Calculate the weight (Fg) of the astronaut.
• 9. Explain how Einstein's idea of gravity
differs from Newton's and why he felt the
need to develop a new model.
• 10. Telescopes.
• a. What is the difference between refracting and
reflecting?
• b. Name the main parts of a reflecting telescope. Name
the main parts of a refracting telescope.
• c. What are the advantages of a reflecting telescope?
• d. As telescopes developed, they became increasingly
larger? Why?
• e. What is the difference between optical and radio
telescopes? What are the advantages and
disadvantages?
• f. What is the big advantage of Space telescopes over
land based telescopes? What disadvantage? (Be able to
speak about the Hubble telescope as an example)
• 10. Space Race
• a. Why did the Soviet Union and the United States start the Space
Race?
• b. What were the 3 goals of the space race? Who won each round?
• c. What was the name of the US program that finally put a person on
the moon?
• d. What long term effects did the space race have on our society?
• e. What was the name of the first satellite? When was it launched?
• f. Who was the First man in space? First woman?
• g. Who were the 3 men involved in the moon landing? When did the
landing occur?
• 11. Canadian Contributions
• A. Who was the first Canadian in space? First
Canadian woman?
• B. What is the Canadarm? How does it compare
to the Canadarm 2?
• C. Who was the first Canadian commander of
the ISS? How many times was he in space?
• D. What are some notable contributions of
Canadians to the space race?