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The Kingdom Fungi
Unit VI
Chapter 21
L. Carnes
Common Types of Fungi
What are Fungi?

Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs that have
cell walls made of chitin (a carbohydrate).

Fungi DO NOT ingest their food, but rather they
digest food OUTSIDE their bodies and the
ABSORB it!
FUNGI ARE NOT
PLANTS!
Structure & Function of Fungi
 Except
for yeasts, ALL fungi are multicellular and composed of tiny
filaments called hyphae.



The bodies of multicellular fungi are composed of
many hyphae tangled together into a thick
mass called a mycelium.
The mycelium is well suited to absorb food.
The fruiting body is a reproductive structure
that develops from a mycelium that grows below
the surface of the ground.
Fungi Structure
Hyphae – Close Up View
Reproduction in Fungi

Most fungi reproduce both asexually and
sexually.

Asexual:



In some fungi, spores are produced in structures
called sporangia.
Sporangia are found at the tips of specialized hyphae
called sporangiophores.
Sexual:

Sexual reproduction involves a gametangium - a
gamete-forming structure produced when the hyphae
of opposing mating types of fungi meet.
Reproduction in Fungi
Classification of Fungi


Fungi are classified according to their
structure and method of reproduction
The 4 main groups of fungi are:
1.
Zygomycota (common molds)
2.
Ascomycota (sac fungi)
3.
Basidiomycota (club fungi)
4.
Deuteromycota (imperfect fungi)
Zygomycota – The Common Molds

Zygomycetes are the familiar molds that
grown on meat, cheese, and bread.

Ex: Rhizopus stolonifer (black bread mold).
the rootlike hyphae
that anchor the
fungus to the bread
are called rhizoids
the stem-like hyphae
that run along the
surface of the bread
are called stolons
Ascomycota – The Sac Fungi

The phylum Ascomycota is
named for the ascus, a
reproductive structure that
contains spores.

Ascomycetes are the largest
phyum in the kingdom Fungi.

Some are large and some are
microscopic.

Examples: cup fungi (large)
and yeasts (microscopic).
Sac Fungi - Ascomycota
CUP FUNGI
YEASTS
(visible to the eye)
(microscopic)
Basidiomycota – The Club Fungi
The phylum Basidiomycota gets its name
from a specialized reproductive structure
(called a basidium) that resembles a club.
 Includes:

 Mushrooms
 Shelf
fungi
 Puffballs
 Earthstars
 Jelly fungi
 Plant rusts
 Bird’s nest fungi
Diversity of Club Fungi
EARTH STAR
PUFFBALL
MUSHROOM
SHELF FUNGI
JELLY FUNGI
BIRD’S NEST FUNGI
Deuteromycota – The Imperfect Fungi

Deuteromycota is an
extremely varied
phylum composed of
those fungi that are not
placed in other phyla.


The term imperfect
implies that these fungi
do not appear to have
sexual reproduction.
Ex: Penicillium notatum
– the source of antibiotic
penicillin.
Fungi as Heterotrophs

ALL FUNGI ARE HETEROTROPHS – BUT THEY
OBTAIN NUTRIENTS IN VARIOUS WAYS:



Many are saprobes, organisms that obtain food
from decaying organic matter.
Some are parasites which harm other organisms.
Some are symbionts that live in close and
mutually beneficial association with other species.
Fungi as Decomposers

Fungi are found in
every ecosystem,
where they recycle
nutrients by breaking
down the bodies and
wastes of other
organisms.

Without decay, the
energy-rich compounds
that organisms
accumulate during their
lifetime would be lost
forever.
Fungi as Parasites

Parasitic fungi cause serious plant and
animal diseases:



wheat rust
mildew on fruit
athlete’s foot
Symbiotic Fungi

Lichens




A symbiotic associations between a fungus and a
photosynthetic organism.
Lichen can grow on dry, bare rock and are often
the first organisms to inhabit an area (pioneer
species).
The lichen break down the bare rock, allowing
other plants to grow.
Mycorrhizae



A symbiotic associations of plant roots and fungi.
Fungi increases the surface area of the plants
roots.
Its presence is often necessary for the growth of
many plants.
Symbiotic Fungi
lichen
mycorrhizae
Structure of Lichen

Symbiotic relationship between a fungi and
a photosynthetic algae
Reflection/Rationale
For my MS Office PowerPoint® assignment, I chose to create a slideshow using Microsoft
PowerPoint®. A slideshow is an extremely useful tool to use when preparing class notes. The
slideshow can be used in many ways. I like to allow the students to view my slideshow as I am
explaining material. Slideshows provide a way for science teachers to relay information to
students in a timely, organized manner. Students can participate in class discussions, take notes,
or be given a copy of the actual PowerPoint for their notebook.
PowerPoint® is an excellent tool to use for creating this type of notes for many reasons. I personally
like to post my slideshows on my web page so that my students and their parents can access the
notes as needed throughout the semester. In my classroom, slideshows are used during those
times that I need to “lecture” on information important to our curricula. Using the slide
transition/text transition feature in my slideshow allows me to give notes at a pace in which all of
may students can easily follow. Creating slideshows, as opposed to “whiteboard” notes also
allows me to use class time efficiently and provides me with a way to allow certain students
(ESOL, etc) to access a copy of the notes.
Other tools I found to be useful while creating this particular slideshow include text graphics (for visual
appearance), tabs and spacing (for visual appearance), tables (to make certain sections easier to
read), bullets & numbering (for extra emphasis on certain sections), text color (emphasis), font
size (emphasis), and the insertion of graphics/clip art (for visual appearance). By using these
applications, the slideshow becomes easy for the reader to navigate and understand, while
keeping my students engaged and interested in the material. The animation/text transition allows
me to pose a question to the class, allow students time to formulate their opinions, and then reveal
to the class the correct answer.
I feel as though I am fairly proficient in using Microsoft PowerPoint® software. I had no problems
creating this assignment, nor any other document using this program. I am working on becoming
an “expert” user of this software. In the future, I would like to continue to learn the shortcuts that
make working with this software easier and more efficient. My computer at home uses
PowerPoint 2003, so I am excited to be in a class where I am learning to use PowerPoint 2007. I
find it to be even MORE user friendly than the 2003 version, which excited me very much!