Download Chapter 18 Section 1 Notes: Vocab: Imperialism

Chapter 18 Section 1 Notes:
Vocab:
1. Imperialism- a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or
military force.
2. Extractive economy- A resource-based economy, dependent on harvesting or extracting natural
resources for sale or trade, harvesting and exporting resources
3. Alfred T. Mahan- Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States Navy admiral, geostrategist, and
historian, who has been called “the most important American strategist of the nineteenth
century.”
4. Social Darwinism- the theory that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same
Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals
5. Frederick J. Turner- United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in
American history
6. Matthew Perry- United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in
1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan
7. Queen Liliuokalani- the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
The Causes of Imperialism:
8. **The age of imperialism was a time when powerful nations engaged in a mad dash to extend
their influence across much of the world.
9. It ranged from mid-1800s through the early 1900s.
10. European countries were one of the first to try out imperialism, Japan and the United States
were soon to follow them.
Imperialists Seek Economic Benefits
11. **Raw materials and natural resources were one of the main benefits of Imperialism.
12. European nations and Japan sought out colonies that would provide tea, rubber, iron,
petroleum, and other materials, for their industries at home.
13. They would usually remove the raw materials from the colony and ship them to the home
country.
14. **Possession of colonies gave nations an edge in the competition for global resources.
15. Unlike the other world powers, the United States had few concerns about the shortage of raw
materials in the 19th century.
16. The booming U.S. economy of the late 1800s was producing more goods than the Americans
could consume.
17. **Farmers complained of declining crop prices and profits due to the excessive production.
18. **Industrialists urged expanding trade into new overseas markets where American commodities
could be sold.
Imperialists Stress Military Strength:
19. Military strength was built up to expand and protect their interest around the world
20. **Alfred T. Mahan played a key role in transforming America into a naval power.
21. Mahan believed that the U.S. needed to acquire foreign bases where American ships could
refuel and gather fresh supplies.
22. Influenced my Mahan, the U.S. started to expand and modernize its navy by building new steelplated, stream-powered battleships such as the USS Maine.
23. By 1900, the United States had the third largest navy in the world.
Imperialists Believe in National Superiority:
24. Imperialists around the world used ideas of racial, national, and cultural superiority to justify
imperialism.
25. Social Darwinism – only the fittest survive
26. ** Some nations and races destined to rule over “inferior” races and nations.
27. ** Some Americans feared the European nations were taking over the world.
Japan:
28. Before the 1800s, Japan cut off trade to many countries including the U.S.
29. This caused them to fall behind the rest of the world in military technology.
Matthew Perry:
30. **In the mid-1800s, commodore Matthew Perry sailed a fleet of American warships into Tokyo
Bay, Japan.
31. Since the Japanese had never seen these ships before, they first thought they were dragons
puffing smoke.
32. Within a year, **Perry negotiated a treaty with Japan which opened up trade with the United
States.
Expansion of the Pacific Ocean:
33. **Not only did Matthew Perry’s accomplishment open trade with Japan, it also set precedent
for further expansion of the Pacific.
34. **In 1897, the U.S. took possession of the Midway Islands.
Seward Purchases Alaska:
35. In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bough Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million.
36. ** Journalists scoffed at the purchase and referred to Alaska as "Seward’s Icebox”.
37. They wondered why the US would waste money on a vast tundra of snow and ice 1,000 miles
north of their border.
38. **Seward’s purchase did double the size of the country.
39. ** The “icebox” ended up being rich in timber, coal, oil, and other natural resources.
40. Scholars today see Seward’s purchase as a key milestone in American history. (49th U.S. state
on January 3, 1959 )
America and Latin America:
James Blaine:
41. Had a part in influencing Latin America
42. ** was chosen by president Roosevelt
43. **Latin America lay on the heart of Blaine foreign and his vision of America
44. He brought issues to Latin America
45. He was representative of America from 1863 to 1876
The Venezuelan Crisis:
46. ** war in 1895 between America and the British
47. British got upset because America was trying to influence Latin America and British own some of
Latin America
48. ** British saw accept to untied state intervene in the dispute force
Monroe Doctrine:
49. ** this was a warning against the establishment of any additional European colonies in Latin
America
50. British accept the Monroe doctrine during the crisis
51. ** In 1823 British violated the Monroe doctrine
American Planters Increase Power:
52. A group of American sugar planters under Sanford Ballad Dole overthrow Queen Liliuokalani.
53. President Grover Cleveland sent a new U.S. minister to Hawaii to restore Queen Liliuokalani to
the throne under the 1887 constitution.
54. President William McKinley, negotiated a treaty with the Republic of Hawaii in 1897. In 1898,
the Spanish-American War broke out.
55. **January 1893, a revolutionary “Committee of Safety,” organized by Sanford B. Dole, staged a
coup against Queen Liliuokalani with the tacit support of the United States.
The U.S. Annexes Hawaii:
56. America started to eye Hawaii around the 1820s.
Hawaii and its Sugar Trade:
57. America got a hold of Hawaii as a result of the sugar trade.
58. Eventually, the U.S. government provided items to Hawaiian sugar growers, after the Civil War,
profits began to grow.
**The McKinley Tariff raised import rates on foreign sugar:
59. In 1890 Congress approved of the McKinley Tariff.
60. This led to Hawaiian sugar planters being undersold in the American Market. The Island led to
depression.
61. Sugar growers, most white Americans, knew that if Hawaii were to be **Annexed by the U.S.,
the tariff would disappear.
62. **Annexed: add territory to one’s own territory by appropriation
U.S. finally annexes Hawaii:
63. Around January 1893, Grover Cleveland had been inaugurated the President. Cleveland believed
that Americans had acted wrongly in Hawaii.
64. Because of an investigation Cleveland threw, the annexation was prolonged, after Cleveland left
office.
65. Then War broke out with Spain in 1898, Hawaiian naval bases outweighed all other
considerations towards the Spanish Philippines.
66. **Finally, President McKinley signed joint resolution, annexing the islands.
67. Now, Hawaii became full American territory as the in 50th state in 1959.