Download Chapter 45 Structure of Bone Section 2 Skeletal System

Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Objectives
• Distinguish between the axial skeleton and the
appendicular skeleton.
• Explain the function and structure of bones.
• List three types of joints and give an example of each.
• Describe a common disorder that affects the skeleton.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
The Skeleton
• A skeleton is the bones of a human or animal
body that form the framework of the body,
support the muscles and organs, and protect the
inner organs.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Human Skeleton
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
The Skeleton, continued
• The human skeleton is composed of two parts—
the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.
• The bones of the arms and legs, along with the
scapula, clavicle, and pelvis, make up the
appendicular skeleton.
• The bones of the skull, ribs, spine, and sternum
form the axial skeleton.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Subsections of
the Human
Skeleton
The purple is the axial skeleton and
the yellow is the appendicular
skeleton.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Anatomy of a Human Skeletal System
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Bone Structure
• Long Bone Structure
– A long bone’s surface is covered by a tough
membrane called the periosteum, a white,
double layered membrane that covers the
entire surface of bone except for the joint
surfaces and is richly supplied with nerve
fibers and blood vessels.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Bone Function and Structure, continued
• Long Bone Structure, continued
– Under the periosteum is a hard material called
compact bone, and this part of the bone gives
all bones their strength and rigidity.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Bone Function and Structure, continued
• Long Bone Structure, continued
– Beneath some compact bone is a network of
connective tissue called spongy bone.
– Spongy bone is less dense bone tissue that
has many open spaces.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Structure of Bone
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Bone Function and Structure, continued
• Bone Marrow
– Bone marrow is a soft tissue inside some
bones that can be either red or yellow.
– The type of bone marrow present determines
both its composition and function.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Parts of a Human Bone - 1 & 2
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Bone Function and Structure, continuedBone
Development, continued
• Injury
– A crack or break is referred to as a fracture.
• A fracture is an injury in which the tissue of
a bone is broken.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Joints
• The place where two bones meet is known as a
joint.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Joints, continued
• Joint Structure, continued
– The term arthritis is used to describe disorders that
cause painful, swollen joints.
• Rheumatoid arthritis develops when the immune
system begins to attack body tissues, and joints
become stiff and deformed.
• Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease in
which the cartilage covering the surface of bone
becomes thinner and rougher.
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Chapter 45
Section 2 Skeletal System
Types of Joints
Click below to watch the Visual Concept.
Visual Concept
Chapter menu
Resources
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.